{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T07:07:59Z","timestamp":1774508879714,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,21]],"date-time":"2011-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We conducted a meta-analysis using the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) to replicate Schwartz\u2019s value structure at the culture level. In Study 1, data on value priorities from 37 different cultural groups were analyzed. Using a configurational verification approach, the structure of conflicting value types as predicted by Schwartz was replicated. Significant correlations with Schwartz\u2019s two-dimensional configuration of the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) confirmed this finding. Furthermore, a set of value items that was not included in Schwartz\u2019s analysis formed a new value type labeled Self-Fulfilled Connectedness ( SFC) . It contains values that represent profound attachment to others as well as attributes of self-fulfillment. In Study 2, it was proposed that SFC may be an individualistic value orientation that shares some similarity with Autonomy but includes relational values as a main component. Correlations with country indices of subjective well-being, post-materialism, and socioeconomic development supported the idea that it is related to happiness, the pursuit of non-material goals, and endorsed in countries in which basic needs are fulfilled. Its theoretical meaning in the context of Schwartz\u2019s culture-level value theory is discussed. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022110396864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,21]],"date-time":"2011-02-21T11:24:51Z","timestamp":1298287491000},"page":"186-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Structure of Human Values at the Culture Level: A Meta-Analytical Replication of Schwartz\u2019s Value Orientations Using the Rokeach Value Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Christin-Melanie","family":"Vauclair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University Wellington, New Zealand,"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Hanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University Wellington, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University Wellington, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gent University, Belgium"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"51","volume":"5","author":"Amir, Y.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, Special Issue"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications","author":"Berry, J.W.","year":"2002","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2711-1"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Matching configurations","author":"Commandeur, J.J.F.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.102.2.99-110"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.5.851"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.05.008"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2009.14"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022106295437","volume":"38","author":"Fischer, R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Fontaine, J.R.J. ( 2008). Traditional and multilevel approaches in cross-cultural research: An integration of methodological frameworks. In F. J. R. van de Vijver, D. A. van Hemert, & Y. H. Poortinga (Eds.), Individuals and cultures in multi-level analysis (pp. 65-92). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022108318112"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Annual survey of freedom country scores 1972-1973 to 1998-1999","author":"Freedom House."},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Culture\u2019s consequences: International differences in work-related values","author":"Hofstede, G.","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691186740"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156913306778667401"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2657288"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511790881"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022105275959"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10693-008"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985130"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Practical meta-analysis","author":"Lipsey, M.W.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"World population, GDP and per capita GDP","author":"Maddison, A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"Neuliep, J.W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, Special Issue"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.5.763"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0403_4"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Beliefs, attitudes, and values","author":"Rokeach, M.","year":"1968"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"The nature of human values","author":"Rokeach, M.","year":"1973"},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"Rosenthal, R. ( 1991). Replication in behavioral research. In J. W. Neuliep (Ed.), Replication research in the social sciences (pp. 1-30). Newbury Park, CA: Sage."},{"key":"atypb29","unstructured":"Ryan, R.M. & Deci, E.L. ( 2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3-36). Rochester, NY : University of Rochester Press."},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60281-6"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x"},{"key":"atypb32","unstructured":"Schwartz, S.H. ( 1994b). Beyond individualism\/collectivism. New cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, \u00c7. Ka\u011f\u0131t\u00e7\u0131ba\u015f\u0131, S. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 85-119). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications."},{"key":"atypb33","unstructured":"Schwartz, S.H. ( 2005). Basic human values: Their content and structure across countries. In A. Tamayo & J. B. Porto (Eds.), Valores e comportamento nas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es [Values and behavior in organizations] (pp. 21-55). Petr\u00f3polis , Brazil: Vozes."},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156913306778667357"},{"key":"atypb35","volume-title":"Draft users manual: Proper use of the Schwartz value survey","author":"Schwartz, S.H.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022101032003002"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.53.3.550"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.5.878"},{"key":"atypb39","unstructured":"Smith, P.B. & Schwartz, S.H. (1997). Values. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & \u00c7. Ka\u011f\u0131t\u00e7\u0131ba\u015f\u0131 (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 77-118). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon."},{"key":"atypb40","author":"United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).","year":"2006","journal-title":"Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis"},{"key":"atypb41","volume":"2","author":"van Hemert, D.A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Online Readings in Psychology and Culture Unit"},{"key":"atypb42","author":"Vauclair, C.M.","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"atypb43","volume-title":"Happiness in nations","author":"Veenhoven, R.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.36.7.762"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022022110396864","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022022110396864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T22:30:35Z","timestamp":1741041035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022022110396864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022022110396864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022022110396864","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0221","1552-5422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0221","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,21]]}}}