{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T08:06:25Z","timestamp":1777795585098,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Personality traits like Neuroticism and Extroversion, Satisfaction With Relationships, and Attachment Security are among the most important predictors of subjective well-being (SWB). However, the relative contribution of these predictors to SWB is seldom tested, and even more rarely tested cross-culturally. In this study, we replicate and extend Galinha, Oishi, Pereira, Wirtz, and Esteves, aiming to identify the strongest predictors of SWB, and in what way that contribution is universal or culture-specific, across such collectivist-individualist countries as India, Sweden, and the United States ( N = 1,622). Structural equation modeling showed that Satisfaction With Relationships is a stronger predictor of SWB in India, while Neuroticism is a stronger predictor of SWB in Sweden and the United States, results consistent with prior Portuguese and Mozambican samples. These findings suggest that Satisfaction With Relationships is probably a stronger predictor of SWB in more collectivistic and less developed countries, while low Neuroticism is a stronger predictor of SWB in more individualistic and highly developed countries. Across all samples, Attachment Security and Extroversion showed very weak or nonsignificant effects on SWB above the contribution of Neuroticism and Satisfaction With Relationships, consistent with prior results. Neuroticism significantly mediated the relationship between Attachment Security, SWB, and Satisfaction With Relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022116658262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,7]],"date-time":"2016-07-07T21:53:42Z","timestamp":1467928422000},"page":"1033-1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cross-Cultural Comparison of Personality Traits, Attachment Security, and Satisfaction With Relationships as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being in India, Sweden, and the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Iolanda Costa","family":"Galinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Aut\u00f3noma de Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Psicologia, CIP, and Centre for Psychological Research and Social Intervention CIS, ISCTE-IUL, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Garcia-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"given":"Shigehiro","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}]},{"given":"Derrick","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid Sweden University, \u00d6stersund, Sweden"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118619179"},{"key":"bibr2-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DBP.0000439103.29889.18"},{"key":"bibr3-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221329909595402"},{"key":"bibr4-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.4.644"},{"key":"bibr5-0022022116658262","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Temperament in context","author":"Costa P. T.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr6-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.602"},{"key":"bibr7-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730701349747"},{"key":"bibr8-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.3.392"},{"key":"bibr9-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029541"},{"key":"bibr10-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444305159"},{"key":"bibr11-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.145056"},{"key":"bibr12-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/008124630903900402"},{"key":"bibr13-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.6.1246"},{"key":"bibr14-0022022116658262","volume-title":"Sociology","author":"Fulcher J.","year":"2011","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr15-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022112453317"},{"key":"bibr16-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2008.12.014"},{"key":"bibr17-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-014-0856-7"},{"key":"bibr18-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0999152X"},{"key":"bibr19-0022022116658262","volume-title":"Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind","author":"Hofstede G.","year":"2010","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr20-0022022116658262","volume-title":"Personal Well-Being Index","author":"International Wellbeing Group","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr21-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022114534769"},{"key":"bibr22-0022022116658262","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Handbook of personality: Theory and research","author":"John O.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr23-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203255986"},{"key":"bibr24-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.197"},{"key":"bibr25-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2013.775639"},{"key":"bibr26-0022022116658262","first-page":"47","volume":"10","author":"Li T.-G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"key":"bibr27-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2014.42.8.1257"},{"key":"bibr28-0022022116658262","first-page":"171","volume-title":"The science of subjective well-being","author":"Lucas R. E.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr29-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/14343-029"},{"key":"bibr30-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.6.803"},{"key":"bibr31-0022022116658262","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Handbook of personality: Theory and research","author":"McCrae R. R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr32-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.3.547"},{"key":"bibr33-0022022116658262","volume-title":"Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change","author":"Mikulincer M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr34-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.01.008"},{"key":"bibr35-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2012.00806.x"},{"key":"bibr36-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2006.06.008"},{"key":"bibr37-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.5.763"},{"key":"bibr38-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.694158"},{"key":"bibr39-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167212458125"},{"key":"bibr40-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/SOCP.147.2.119-135"},{"key":"bibr41-0022022116658262","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Handbook of developmental cognitive science","author":"Sanson A.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr42-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.82.4.582"},{"key":"bibr43-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106939719502900302"},{"key":"bibr44-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/270723"},{"key":"bibr45-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12081"},{"key":"bibr46-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.1.138"},{"key":"bibr47-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-004-8783-y"},{"key":"bibr48-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022110388568"},{"key":"bibr49-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12060"},{"key":"bibr50-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.5.1006"},{"key":"bibr51-0022022116658262","unstructured":"United Nations Development Program. (2015). Human development report 2014\u2014Sustaining human progress: Reducing vulnerabilities and building resilience. New York, NY: Author. Retrieved from http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/hdr14-report-en-1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr52-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5502\/ijw.v2.i4.4"},{"key":"bibr53-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063"},{"key":"bibr54-0022022116658262","volume-title":"Psychology: Australian and New Zealand edition","author":"Western D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr55-0022022116658262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167214528988"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022022116658262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022022116658262","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022022116658262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:17:20Z","timestamp":1777493840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022022116658262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022022116658262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022022116658262","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0221","1552-5422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0221","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5422","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]}}}