{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T21:37:07Z","timestamp":1770759427071,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study is a survey on intergroup forgiveness conducted among people from East Timor and Angola, most of whom have been personally touched by the various conflicts affecting their countries. Only one of the two aspects of intergroup forgiveness was assessed: granting forgiveness. A sample of 354 East Timorese adults was presented with a questionnaire addressing the meaningfulness of intergroup forgiveness and possible conceptions about granting intergroup forgiveness. Using exploratory factor analysis, an eight-factor model was derived from the participants' responses. Using confirmatory factor analysis, this model was subsequently tested on a sample of 250 Angolan adults. In both samples, a large majority of participants agreed with the idea that a group of people can forgive another group of people. Furthermore, the model derived from the East Timorese data also fitted the data from the Angolan sample: in both samples, the participants appeared to have articulated conceptions on what could define an intergroup granting of forgiveness. Specifically, a majority of participants agreed with the idea that (a) the aim of this process is reconciliation and that intergroup forgiveness is not strictly conditional on adequate reparation or compensation, and (b) this process must be democratic; in other words, granting forgiveness should be decided by a majority, and only then could forgiveness be granted on behalf of the whole community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343307082067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,15]],"date-time":"2007-10-15T08:08:40Z","timestamp":1192435720000},"page":"711-728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Intergroup Forgiveness: East Timorese and Angolan Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, University of Porto"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Da Concei\u00e7ao Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, University of Porto"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Mullet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Studies (EPHE)"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026021012182579100_B1","first-page":"459","article-title":"The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission as a Therapeutic Tool","volume":"18","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences and the Law"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B2","volume-title":"The Healing of Nations: The Promise and Limits of Political Forgiveness","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026021012182579100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005204408575","article-title":"Interpersonal Forgiveness Among Lebanese: A Six-Confession Study","volume":"30","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Group Tensions"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026021012182579100_B4","first-page":"755","article-title":"Muslim and Christian in Lebanon: Common Views Regarding Political Issues","volume":"39","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Peace Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026021012182579100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343399036002003","article-title":"The Propensity To Forgive: Findings From Lebanon","volume":"36","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Peace Research"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B6","volume-title":"Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B7","first-page":"461","volume-title":"Intergroup Forgiveness and Intergroup Conflict: Northern Ireland, A Case Study","year":"2005"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026021012182579100_B8","first-page":"700","article-title":"Forgiveness and Politics: Dirty Hands and Imperfect Procedures","volume":"26","year":"1998","journal-title":"Political Theory"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B9","volume-title":"Political Forgiveness","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B10","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Genocide in East Timor","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B11","volume-title":"Helping Clients Forgive: An Empirical Guide for Resolving Anger and Restoring Hope","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026021012182579100_B12","first-page":"95","article-title":"The Adolescent as Forgiver","volume":"12","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09961-0","article-title":"Conselho: Psychological Healing in Displaced Communities in Angola","volume":"360","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09559-4","article-title":"Slow Response to Angola's Food Crisis","volume":"360","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026021012182579100_B15","first-page":"209","article-title":"Propensity to Forgive in Adolescents, Young Adults, Older Adults, and Elderly People","volume":"4","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Adult Development"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B16","volume-title":"Forgiveness and Revenge","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B17","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Does the Truth Heal? A Psychological Perspective on Political Strategies for Dealing with the Legacy of Political Violence","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026021012182579100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/14754830110111553","article-title":"Symbolic Closure Through Memory, Reparation and Revenge in Post-Conflict Societies","volume":"1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Human Rights"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B19","volume-title":"Unspeakable Truths: Facing the Challenge of Truth Commissions","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B20","volume-title":"The Forgiveness Factor","year":"1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026021012182579100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-750X(01)00035-3","article-title":"Tiny, Poor and War-Torn: Development Policy Challenge for East Timor","volume":"29","year":"2001","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026021012182579100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/jcsl\/7.2.233","article-title":"A Truth Commission for East Timor: Lessons From South Africa?","volume":"7","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Conflict and Security Law"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B23","volume-title":"Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone","year":"1960"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026021012182579100_B24","first-page":"145","article-title":"Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths","volume":"21","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Population"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B25","volume-title":"War and Reconciliation: Reason and Emotion in Conflict Resolution","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B26","volume-title":"Forgiveness: Theory, Research, and Practice","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026021012182579100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.2.321","article-title":"Interpersonal Forgiving in Close Relationships","volume":"73","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B28","volume-title":"Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History After Genocide and Mass Violence","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03218-9","article-title":"Torture and Trauma in Post-Conflict East Timor","volume":"356","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04203-3","article-title":"Growing Pains of East Timor: Health of an Infant Nation","volume":"357","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B31","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Developmental and Cognitive Points of View on Forgiveness","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B32","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Reconciliation Between Nations: Overcoming Emotional Deterrents to Ending Conflicts Between Groups","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026021012182579100_B33","first-page":"32","article-title":"Prediction of Performance Among West African Farmers: Natural and Supernatural Factors","volume":"36","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026021012182579100_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/0305724032000136662","article-title":"Teachers' Views of Forgiveness for the Resolution of Conflicts Between Students at School","volume":"32","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Moral Education"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B35","volume-title":"Truth Versus Justice: The Morality of Truth Commissions","year":"2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026021012182579100_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.1153","article-title":"Forgiveness and Romantic Relationships in College: Can It Heal the Wounded Heart?","volume":"58","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B37","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Handbook of Forgiveness","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B38","volume-title":"An Ethics for Enemies: Forgiveness in Politics","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B39","volume-title":"The Art of Forgiving","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026021012182579100_B40","first-page":"367","article-title":"Genocide and Mass Killing: Origins, Prevention, Healing and Reconciliation","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Political Psychology"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B41","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Healing, Reconciliation, and Forgiving After Genocide and Other Collective Violence","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03415-2","article-title":"Angola's Suffering Behind a Pretence of Normality","volume":"356","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B43","volume-title":"Mea Culpa: A Sociology of Apology and Reconciliation","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B44","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Forgiveness After Genocide? Perspectives from Bosnian Youth","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B45","volume-title":"Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B46","volume-title":"Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B47","volume-title":"The Sunflower","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026021012182579100_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.107.1.101","article-title":"A Model of Dual Attitudes","volume":"107","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B49","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Unforgiveness, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation and Their Implications for Societal Interventions","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B50","volume-title":"Handbook of Forgiveness","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026021012182579100_B51","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Unforgiveness, Forgiveness, and Health","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026021012182579100_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/009164710002800101","article-title":"Forgiveness Usually Takes Time: A Lesson Learned by Studying Interventions to Promote Forgiveness","volume":"28","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology and Theology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026021012182579100_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1999.18.4.385","article-title":"The Social Psychology of Unforgiveness and Forgiveness and Implications for Clinical Practice","volume":"18","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Peace Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022343307082067","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpr\/article-pdf\/44\/6\/711\/65747275\/0022343307082067.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpr\/article-pdf\/44\/6\/711\/65747275\/0022343307082067.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:31:27Z","timestamp":1770744687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpr\/article\/44\/6\/711\/8366176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022343307082067","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-3578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]}}}