{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:59:00Z","timestamp":1777899540793,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CPO-CPO\/30296\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CPO-CPO\/30296\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/IVC-CPO\/1864\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/IVC-CPO\/1864\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Political Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>At a time when party politics is becoming increasingly personalised, conventional wisdom argues that the party leaders\u2019 power in organisations is on the rise. However, scholarship has not yet provided a thorough and systematic analysis of the role of party leaders that offers theoretical and empirical specification. The aim of this article is to provide an analytical framework for the study of party leadership by examining the concept of leadership autonomy and its components. This new conceptualisation is then applied to a number of different parties across Western Europe, showing how leadership autonomy varies across countries and different party organisations. The conclusion sets out the implications for party change and highlights the importance of placing the leaders\u2019 role at the centre of the empirical analysis of political parties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00323217221117381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T05:47:20Z","timestamp":1664603240000},"page":"398-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Conceptualising and Measuring Leadership Autonomy in Contemporary Party Organisations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9833-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Lisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estudos Pol\u00edticos, NOVA-FCSH, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00323217221117381","first-page":"47","volume-title":"The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies","author":"Allern EH","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr2-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068813509523"},{"key":"bibr3-00323217221117381","volume-title":"The Conservative Party: From Thatcher to Cameron","author":"Bale T","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr4-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36033-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr5-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-7053.1996.tb00601.x","volume":"31","author":"von Beyme K","year":"1996","journal-title":"Government and Opposition"},{"key":"bibr6-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198758631.003.0004"},{"key":"bibr7-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068897003003006"},{"key":"bibr8-00323217221117381","volume-title":"Political Leadership, Parties and Citizens","author":"Blondel J","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr9-00323217221117381","first-page":"158","volume-title":"Organizing Political Parties: Representation, Participation, and Power","author":"Bolin N","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr10-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068810382939"},{"key":"bibr11-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068815626604"},{"key":"bibr12-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137283924"},{"key":"bibr13-00323217221117381","volume-title":"Il Partito Personale. I Due Corpi Del Leader","author":"Calise M","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr14-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068804039118"},{"key":"bibr15-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068814563974"},{"key":"bibr16-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198748984.003.0003"},{"key":"bibr17-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600701471666"},{"key":"bibr18-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2008.01.013"},{"key":"bibr19-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199661879.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr20-00323217221117381","volume-title":"The Politics of Party Leadership","author":"Cross WP","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr21-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402382.2012.682349"},{"key":"bibr22-00323217221117381","first-page":"107","volume-title":"The Politics of Party Leadership","author":"Ennser-Jedenastik L","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr23-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068813519959"},{"key":"bibr24-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199661879.003.0008"},{"key":"bibr25-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv86dg2g"},{"key":"bibr26-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199572540.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr27-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137264916"},{"key":"bibr28-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198758631.003.0011"},{"key":"bibr29-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068813487106"},{"key":"bibr30-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.00451"},{"key":"bibr31-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068813519970"},{"key":"bibr32-00323217221117381","volume-title":"Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey","author":"Janda K","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr33-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068801007003002"},{"key":"bibr34-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068895001001001"},{"key":"bibr35-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1537592709991782"},{"key":"bibr36-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199586011.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr37-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electstud.2008.11.001"},{"key":"bibr38-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400875337-007"},{"key":"bibr39-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511622014"},{"key":"bibr40-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001041400003300607"},{"key":"bibr41-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848608047.n22"},{"key":"bibr42-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book20584"},{"key":"bibr43-00323217221117381","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Political Leadership","author":"Costa Lobo M","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr44-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/440298"},{"key":"bibr45-00323217221117381","volume-title":"Party Change, Recent Democracies and Portugal: Comparative Perspectives","author":"Lisi M","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr46-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811407583"},{"key":"bibr47-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9248.12195"},{"key":"bibr48-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848608047.n19"},{"key":"bibr49-00323217221117381","volume-title":"Political Parties & Party Systems","author":"Maor M","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr50-00323217221117381","first-page":"27398","volume":"23","author":"Mazzoleni G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Party Politics"},{"key":"bibr51-00323217221117381","volume-title":"Political Parties. A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy","author":"Michels R","year":"1962"},{"key":"bibr52-00323217221117381","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Transforming Public Leadership for the 21st Century","author":"Morse R","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr53-00323217221117381","volume-title":"Political Parties: Organization and Power","author":"Panebianco A","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr54-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315856025"},{"key":"bibr55-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068816662493"},{"key":"bibr56-00323217221117381","unstructured":"Poguntke T, Scarrow SE, Webb PD (2020) PPDB_Round1a_1b_consolidated_v1. Harvard Dataverse. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/NBWDFZ (accessed 8 january 2022)."},{"key":"bibr57-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198808008.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr58-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068802008004003"},{"key":"bibr59-00323217221117381","volume-title":"Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis","author":"Sartori G","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr60-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198758631.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr61-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198758631.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr62-00323217221117381","first-page":"180","volume-title":"Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies","author":"Str\u00d8m K","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr63-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446250570.n12"},{"key":"bibr64-00323217221117381","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Organizing Political Parties: Representation, Participation, and Power","author":"vom dem Berge B","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr65-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137264916_4"},{"key":"bibr66-00323217221117381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848608047.n28"}],"container-title":["Political Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00323217221117381","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00323217221117381","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00323217221117381","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:06:19Z","timestamp":1777629979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00323217221117381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00323217221117381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00323217221117381","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-3217","1467-9248"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-3217","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9248","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]}}}