{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:42:44Z","timestamp":1777902164352,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]],"date-time":"2010-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Textile Research Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper addresses a comparison between three different approaches used to evaluate a set of different textile fabric samples in terms of pilling formation. Originally, the set was subjectively evaluated by a panel of experts, being that, our reference evaluation. Then, the same set of fabrics was analysed by a dual-scanning optical system which has been implemented by our team to reconstruct 3D images of the topography of the fabrics. With the obtained range data, an objective evaluation of the pilling formation was carried out based on the total pilling volume and the results showed to be in agreement with the original subjective evaluation. In this paper, our purpose is to establish a correspondence model in order to automatically attribute the equivalent pilling grade. Furthermore, the same set of fabrics was then subjectively reevaluated by different observers for comparison with the reference evaluation, and the results obtained by the correspondence model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517510373636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]],"date-time":"2010-05-28T21:48:18Z","timestamp":1275083298000},"page":"1887-1897","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Subjective and Objective Pilling Evaluations of Textile Fabrics: A Comparison"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Unit - Department of Physics and Optical Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Marqu\u00eas D'\u00c1vila e Bolama 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal,"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Torr\u00e3o Fiadeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Unit - Department of Physics and Optical Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Marqu\u00eas D'\u00c1vila e Bolama 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui Alberto","family":"Lopes Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Textile and Paper Materials Unit -Department of Textile Science and Technology, University of Beira Interior, Av.v Marqu\u00eas D'\u00c1vila e Bolama 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00405009408631284"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"M2D'2006- 5th International Conference on Mechanics and Materials in Design","author":"Carvalho M.L."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00405009808658599"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00405009808658600"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004051750307300809"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004051750407400210"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00405000.1997.11090899"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004051750407401107"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004051750207201204"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517505059707"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4188\/jte1955.36.96"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09556220510616156"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.602520"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1383782"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"196","author":"Woolmark.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Martindale Machine Method"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Portuguese Norm, Textiles - Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing and pilling. 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