{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:27:29Z","timestamp":1774924049287,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/EEA\/50008\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EEA\/50008\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/00195\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/00195\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Textile Research Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Knowledge of the electromagnetic properties of textile materials is crucial in order to design wearable antennas. Despite the growth of research studies on textile antennas, the accurate characterization of the dielectric properties of the materials is still a challenge due to the intrinsic inhomogeneity and deformability of textiles. In this work, 11 textile materials were characterized using the resonator-based experimental technique. The results obtained using this method have shown that when positioning the roughest face of the Material Under Test (MUT) in contact with the resonator board, the extracted dielectric constant (\u025b<jats:sub> r<\/jats:sub>) value is lower than the one extracted with this face positioned upside-down. Based on this observation, superficial properties of textiles were investigated. Thus, this paper relates the results of the dielectric characterization to some structural parameters of textiles, such as surface roughness and surface and bulk porosity. The results show that both surface roughness and surface porosity of the samples influence the measurements, through the positioning of the probes. Further, the influence of the positioning of the dielectric material on the performance of textile microstrip antennas was analyzed. For this, 12 prototypes of microstrip patch antennas were developed and tested. The results show that, despite the differences obtained in the characterization when placing the face or reverse-sides of the MUT in contact with the resonator board, the obtained average result of \u025b<jats:sub> r<\/jats:sub> is well suited to design antennas, ensuring a good performance. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517518764000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T09:05:55Z","timestamp":1525338355000},"page":"1131-1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Influence of some structural parameters on the dielectric behavior of materials for textile antennas"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Loss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FibEnTech Research Unit \u2013 Department of Textile Science and Technology, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal"},{"name":"Radio System Group, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es \u2013 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LABCOM \u2013 IFP, Communication, Philosophy and Humanities Research Unit, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radio System Group, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es \u2013 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radio System Group, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es \u2013 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"ISEL\u2009-\u2009Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Salvado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LABCOM \u2013 IFP, Communication, Philosophy and Humanities Research Unit, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517507083726"},{"key":"bibr2-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lilja J and Salonen P. Textile material characterization for softwear antennas. In: IEEE military communications conference (MILCOM), Boston, 18\u201321 October 2009, pp.1\u20137. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2009.5380112"},{"key":"bibr3-0040517518764000","unstructured":"Balanis CA. Antenna theory analysis and design, 3rd ed. New Jersey: Wiley Interscience, 2005, pp. 811\u2013876."},{"key":"bibr4-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s121115841"},{"key":"bibr5-0040517518764000","first-page":"118","volume":"31","author":"Gon\u00e7alves R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Comput Electromagn Soc J"},{"key":"bibr6-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourova M, Zajicek R, Oppl L, et\u00a0al. Measurement of dielectric properties of moisture textile. In: 14th conference on microwave techniques, Prague, 23\u201324 April 2008, pp.1\u20134. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMITE.2008.4569904"},{"key":"bibr7-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517509105696"},{"key":"bibr8-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845694425"},{"key":"bibr9-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/9\/10\/015"},{"key":"bibr10-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIM.2010.5438334"},{"key":"bibr11-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470020466"},{"key":"bibr12-0040517518764000","unstructured":"Loss C. Study of the electromagnetic properties of textile materials: development of textile antennas for energy harvesting. PhD Thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, PT, 2017."},{"key":"bibr13-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2009.2033512"},{"key":"bibr14-0040517518764000","first-page":"191","volume":"34","author":"Bal K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Fibre Text Res"},{"key":"bibr15-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/158009a0"},{"key":"bibr16-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004051755402400403"},{"key":"bibr17-0040517518764000","first-page":"226","volume-title":"vestindo o futuro: Microtend\u00eancias para as ind\u00fastrias t\u00eaxtil, vestu\u00e1rio e moda at\u00e9 2020","author":"Clarke AC","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr18-0040517518764000","first-page":"28","volume-title":"The standarization and analysys of hand evaluation","author":"Kawabata S","year":"1980","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr19-0040517518764000","first-page":"60","volume":"14","author":"Hausman S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fibers Text East Eur"},{"key":"bibr20-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/19.872944"},{"key":"bibr21-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2008.927556"},{"key":"bibr22-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.24008"},{"key":"bibr23-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.05.015"},{"key":"bibr24-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"bibr25-0040517518764000","first-page":"104","volume":"7","author":"Ma\u00e2toug N","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Eng Fiber Fabr"},{"key":"bibr26-0040517518764000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandensande J, Pues H and Cappelle A Van de. Calculation of the bandwidth of microstrip resonator antennas. In: 9th European microwave conference, Brighton, 17\u201320 September 1979, pp.116\u2013119. 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