{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:12:02Z","timestamp":1777867922710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013314","name":"Internal Security Fund - Police","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101038787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101038787"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Justice and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Secondary prevention targeting individuals at risk of offending presents a promising strategy to combat child sexual exploitation and abuse, yet programs remain scarce and help-seeking individuals face various barriers. In response, internet-delivered programs such as Prevent It 2.0, an anonymous cognitive behavioral therapy intervention, are being developed. Effective recruitment could benefit from collaboration with the criminal police as referrers. This study examined the perceptions of German, Portuguese, and Swedish criminal police officers regarding Prevent It 2.0 and their potential role in recruitment. Using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework to inform data generation, reflexive thematic analysis of six focus groups revealed the program\u2019s perceived potential and limitations. Officers highlighted it as an accessible, low-threshold, and anonymous option, expressing their willingness to refer individuals and indicating a potential for integrated, interdisciplinary prevention strategies. Participants also emphasized the need for continued program refinement and sensitivity to sociocultural influences. Recommendations for implementation and recruitment are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00938548251407643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:39:56Z","timestamp":1769168396000},"page":"893-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Criminal Police Perceptions of the Internet-Delivered Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Prevention Program Prevent It 2.0 in Germany, Portugal, and Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4131-5454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina S.","family":"Haubrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4850-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto"},{"name":"Universidade da Maia (UMaia)"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Hillert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peer","family":"Briken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Letourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University"}]},{"given":"Christoffer","family":"Rahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet"},{"name":"Region Stockholm"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Fix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7778-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo S.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Joleby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet"},{"name":"Region Stockholm"}]},{"given":"Sacha","family":"Maimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-0010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aarts E. J. J. Verschuere B. van Emmerik A. Billen E. (2025). An evaluation of the evidence on mobile health applications for mental health substance use and delinquency in justice-involved adults and youth: A scoping review. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 53(12) 1829\u20131842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-025-01360-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-025-01360-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson E. Shefner R. Koppel R. Megerian C. Frasso R. (2022). Experiences with the Philadelphia police assisted diversion program: A qualitative study. The International Journal on Drug Policy 100 103521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103521"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assini-Meytin L. C. Fix R. L. Letourneau E. J. (2020). Child sexual abuse: The need for a perpetration prevention focus. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 29(1) 22\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2019.1703232","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2019.1703232"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Azevedo V. Gomes H. Haubrock L. S. Hillert J. Joleby M. Briken P. Dekker A. Rahm C. Seto M. C. Letourneau E. Carvalho J. (2025). Multi-country cultural adaptation of Prevent It 2.0 as part of the EU project PRIORITY: A prevention program for adults with sexual urges toward children [Unpublished Manuscript]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barberi D. Taxman F. S. (2019). Diversion and alternatives to arrest: A qualitative understanding of police and substance users\u2019 perspective. Journal of Drug Issues 49(4) 703\u2013717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022042619861273","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042619861273"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baum N. Moyal S. (2020). Impact on therapists working with sex offenders: A systematic review of gender findings. Trauma Violence & Abuse 21(1) 193\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838018756120","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018756120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beier K. M. (2016). Proactive strategies to prevent child sexual abuse and the use of child abuse images: The German Dunkelfeld-project for adults (PPD) and juveniles (PPJ). In Jeglic E. L. Calkins C. (Eds.) Sexual violence: Evidence based policy and prevention (pp. 249\u2013272). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-44504-5_14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44504-5_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beier K. M. Ahlers C. J. Goecker D. Neutze J. Mundt I. A. Hupp E. Schaefer G. A. (2009). Can pedophiles be reached for primary prevention of child sexual abuse? First results of the Berlin Prevention Project Dunkelfeld (PPD). The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 20(6) 851\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14789940903174188","DOI":"10.1080\/14789940903174188"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzaghta M. A. Elwalda A. Mousa M. M. Erkan I. Rahman M. (2021). SWOT analysis applications: An integrative literature review. Journal of Global Business Insights 6(1) 55\u201373. https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.5038\/2640-6489.6.1.1148","DOI":"10.5038\/2640-6489.6.1.1148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blais E. Brisson J. Gagnon F. Lemay S. A. (2022). Diverting people who use drugs from the criminal justice system: A systematic review of police-based diversion measures. The International Journal on Drug Policy 105 103697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103697"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borghouts J. Eikey E. Mark G. De Leon C. Schueller S. M. Schneider M. Stadnick N. Zheng K. Mukamel D. Sorkin D. H. (2021). Barriers to and facilitators of user engagement with digital mental health interventions: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 23(3) Article e24387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/24387","DOI":"10.2196\/24387"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69909-7_3470-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chronos A. Jahnke S. Blagden N. (2024). The treatment needs and experiences of pedohebephiles: A systematic review. Archives of Sexual Behavior 53(9) 3329\u20133346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-024-02943-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-024-02943-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costigan C. L. Woodin E. M. Duerksen K. N. Ferguson R. (2022). Benefits and drawbacks of police integration into assertive community treatment teams. Psychiatric Services 73(4) 447\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201900549","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201900549"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickson-Gomez J. Spector A. Krechel S. Li J. Montaque H. D. G. Ohlrich J. Galletly C. Weeks M. (2022). Barriers to drug treatment in police diversion programs and drug courts: A qualitative analysis. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 92(6) 692\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000643","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000643"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eilfgang J. Bayer L. Cigelski M. Mensing F. von Seeler I. Sewald H. P\u00fclschen S. (2024). Collaboration between criminal justice and child protection in cases of child sexual abuse: Unveiling inhibiting and facilitating factors. Child Abuse Review 33(2) Article e2868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/car.2868","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2868"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans C. T. Ward C. (2019). Counseling sex offenders and the importance of counselor self-care. Cogent Social Sciences 5(1) 1595878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23311886.2019.1595878","DOI":"10.1080\/23311886.2019.1595878"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evlat G. Wood L. Glover N. (2021). A systematic review of the implementation of psychological therapies in acute mental health inpatient settings. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 28(6) 1574\u20131586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2600","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2600"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feijt M. A. de Kort Y. A. Bongers I. M. IJsselsteijn W. A. (2018). Perceived drivers and barriers to the adoption of eMental health by psychologists: The construction of the levels of adoption of eMental health model. Journal of Medical Internet Research 20(4) Article e153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.9485","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9485"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franke I. Seipel S. Vasic N. Streb J. Nigel S. Otte S. Dudeck M. (2019). Neuropsychological profile of pedophilic child sexual offenders compared with an IQ\u2014matched non\u2014offender sample\u2014Results of a pilot study. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 64 137\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2019.03.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2019.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman M. G. Bryen D. N. (2007). Web accessibility design recommendations for people with cognitive disabilities. Technology and Disability 19(4) 205\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/TAD-2007-19406","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-2007-19406"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaebel W. Janssen B. Zielasek J. (2009). Mental health quality outcome measurement and improvement in Germany. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 22(6) 636\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283317c00","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283317c00"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grady M. D. Levenson J. S. Mesias G. Kavanagh S. Charles J. (2019). \u201cI can\u2019t talk about that\u201d: Stigma and fear as barriers to preventive services for minor-attracted persons. Stigma and Health 4(4) 400\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sah0000154","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000154"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guastaferro K. Font S. A. Miyamoto S. Zadzora K. M. Walters K. E. O\u2019Hara K. Kemner A. Noll J. G. (2023). Provider attitudes and self-efficacy when delivering a child sexual abuse prevention module: An exploratory study. Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education 50(2) 172\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198121997731","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198121997731"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hardeberg Bach M. Demuth C. (2018). Therapists\u2019 experiences in their work with sex offenders and people with pedophilia: A literature review. Europe\u2019s Journal of Psychology 14(2) 498\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/ejop.v14i2.1493","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.v14i2.1493"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harper C. A. Hogue T. E. (2015). The emotional representation of sexual crime in the national British press. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 34(1) 3\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0261927X14544474","DOI":"10.1177\/0261927X14544474"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris B. Birnbaum R. (2015). Ethical and legal implications on the use of technology in counselling. Clinical Social Work Journal 43(2) 133\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10615-014-0515-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10615-014-0515-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedman-Lagerl\u00f6f E. Carlbring P. Sv\u00e4rdman F. Riper H. Cuijpers P. Andersson G. (2023). Therapist-supported internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy yields similar effects as face-to-face therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) 22(2) 305\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.21088","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hensell S. (2022). Getting cozy or how the European Commission produces legitimacy in the EU. International Studies Perspectives 23(2) 151\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/isp\/ekab011","DOI":"10.1093\/isp\/ekab011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillert J. Haubrock L. S. Dekker A. Briken P. (2024). Initiatives to prevent sexual offense perpetration: A systematic review. Current Psychiatry Reports 26(4) 121\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-024-01489-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-024-01489-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","unstructured":"Hillert J. Haubrock L. S. Fix R. L. Joleby M. Briken P. Carvalho J. Letourneau E. Rahm C. Seto M. C. Azevedo V. Gomes H. S. Henseler B. Maimone S. Dekker A. (2025). Between duty and emotion\u2014Police perceptions of individuals with a sexual interest in children in Germany Portugal and Sweden [Unpublished Manuscript]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00f6ing M. A. Petrina R. Hare Duke L. V\u00f6llm B. Vogelvang B. (2016). Community support for sex offender rehabilitation in Europe. European Journal of Criminology 13(4) 491\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1477370816633259","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370816633259"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoke S. Baker K. Wenrich K. (2020). An assessment of officer attitudes toward the training and use of a pre-booking diversionary program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 115 108036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inkster B. Knibbs C. Bada M. (2023). Cybersecurity: A critical priority for digital mental health. Frontiers in Digital Health 5 Article 1242264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1242264","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1242264"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Insoll T. Soloveva V. D\u00edaz Bethencourt E. Ovaska A. K. Nurmi J. Paju A. Aaltonen M. Vaaranen-Valkonen N. (2024). Factors associated with help-seeking among online child sexual abuse material offenders: Results of an anonymous survey on the dark web. Journal of Online Trust and Safety 2(4) 1\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54501\/jots.v2i4.205","DOI":"10.54501\/jots.v2i4.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahnke S. (2018). The stigma of pedophilia: Clinical and forensic implications. European Psychologist 23(2) 144\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000325","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000325"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahnke S. Imhoff R. Hoyer J. (2015). Stigmatization of people with pedophilia: Two comparative surveys. Archives of Sexual Behavior 44(1) 21\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-014-0312-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0312-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahnke S. McPhail I. V. Antfolk J. (2024). Stigma processes psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking treatment among pedohebephilic people. PLOS ONE 19(10) Article e0312382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0312382","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahnke S. Schmidt A. F. Kl\u00f6ckner A. Hoyer J. (2022). Neurodevelopmental differences pedohebephilia and sexual offending: Findings from two online surveys. Archives of Sexual Behavior 51(2) 849\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-021-02228-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-02228-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kewley S. Mhlanga-Gunda R. Van Hout M.-C. (2023). Preventing child sexual abuse before it occurs: Examining the scale and nature of secondary public health prevention approaches. Journal of Sexual Aggression 29(1) 1\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13552600.2021.2000651","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2021.2000651"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kip H. Bouman Y. H. A. (2021). A perspective on the integration of eHealth in treatment of offenders: Combining technology and the risk-need-responsivity model. Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 Article 703043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.703043","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.703043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kip H. Bouman Y. H. A. Kelders S. M. van Gemert-Pijnen L. J. E. W. C. (2018). eHealth in treatment of offenders in forensic mental health: A review of the current state. Frontiers in Psychiatry 9 Article 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00042","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knack N. Winder B. Murphy L. Fedoroff J. P. (2019). Primary and secondary prevention of child sexual abuse. International Review of Psychiatry 31(2) 181\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540261.2018.1541872","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2018.1541872"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00e4tth J. Landgren V. McMahan A. Sparre C. Eriksson J. Malki K. S\u00f6derquist E. \u00d6berg K. G. Rozental A. Andersson G. Kaldo V. L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m N. Rahm C. (2022). Effects of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on use of child sexual abuse material: A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the darknet. Internet Interventions 30 100590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100590"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Letourneau E. J. Schaeffer C. M. Bradshaw C. P. Feder K. A. (2017). Preventing the onset of child sexual abuse by targeting young adolescents with universal prevention programming. Child Maltreatment 22(2) 100\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559517692439","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559517692439"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levenson J. S. Grady M. D. (2019). Preventing sexual abuse: Perspectives of minor-attracted persons about seeking help. Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment 31(8) 991\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1079063218797713","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063218797713"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez A. Schwenk S. Schneck C. D. Griffin R. J. Mishkind M. C. (2019). Technology-based mental health treatment and the impact on the therapeutic alliance. Current Psychiatry Reports 21(8) 76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-019-1055-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1055-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lustgarten S. D. Garrison Y. L. Sinnard M. T. Flynn A. W. (2020). Digital privacy in mental healthcare: Current issues and recommendations for technology use. Current Opinion in Psychology 36 25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.03.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2020.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maimone S. Haubrock L. S. Joleby M. Seto M. C. Hillert J. Dekker A. Letourneau E. Carvalho J. Azevedo V. Andersson G. McMahan A. Rodriguez C. L\u00e4tth J. Pellowski J. S. Curry S. Briken P. Rahm C. (2025). Prevent It 2.0 German Swedish and Portuguese: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Preprints. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/preprints.90249","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.90249"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez R. Whitfield G. Dafters R. Williams C. (2008). Can people read self help manuals for depression? A challenge for the stepped care model and book prescription schemes. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36(1) 89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465807004067","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465807004067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathews B. Finkelhor D. Pacella R. Scott J. G. Higgins D. J. Meinck F. Erskine H. E. Thomas H. J. Lawrence D. Malacova E. Haslam D. M. Collin-V\u00e9zina D. (2024). Child sexual abuse by different classes and types of perpetrator: Prevalence and trends from an Australian national survey. Child Abuse & Neglect 147 106562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2023.106562"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishna F. Fantus S. McInroy L. B. (2017). Informal use of information and communication technology: Adjunct to traditional face-to-face social work practice. Clinical Social Work Journal 45(1) 49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10615-016-0576-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10615-016-0576-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munetz M. R. Griffin P. A. (2006). Use of the sequential intercept model as an approach to decriminalization of people with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services 57(4) 544\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ps.2006.57.4.544","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.4.544"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","unstructured":"National Police Chiefs\u2019 Council. (2022 July 19). NPCC response to police foundation report on tackling online child sexual abuse. NPCC. https:\/\/news.npcc.police.uk\/releases\/npcc-response-to-police-foundation-report-on-tackling-online-child-sexual-abuse"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurmi J. Paju A. Brumley B. B. Insoll T. Ovaska A. K. Soloveva V. Vaaranen-Valkonen N. Aaltonen M. Arroyo D. (2024). Investigating child sexual abuse material availability searches and users on the anonymous Tor network for a public health intervention strategy. Scientific Reports 14(1) 7849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-58346-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58346-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel V. Chowdhary N. Rahman A. Verdeli H. (2011). Improving access to psychological treatments: Lessons from developing countries. Behaviour Research and Therapy 49(9) 523\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2011.06.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prichard J. Wortley R. Watters P. Spiranovic C. Scanlan J. (2024). The effect of therapeutic and deterrent messages on internet users attempting to access \u201cbarely legal\u201d pornography. Child Abuse & Neglect 155 106955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106955"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","unstructured":"Protect Children Finland Suojellaan Lapsia. (2024). Tech platforms used by online child sexual abuse offenders: Research report with actionable recommendations for the tech industry (Report). https:\/\/bd9606b6-40f8-4128-b03a-9282bdcfff0f.usrfiles.com\/ugd\/bd9606_0d8ae7365a8f4bfc977d8e7aeb2a1e1a.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quas J. A. Luna S. Wilson D. B. Redlich A. (2024). Human trafficking and the passage of the 2000 TVPA: A comparative analysis of prosecution of sex trafficking child pornography and sexual abuse cases. Journal of Human Trafficking. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23322705.2024.2331943","DOI":"10.1080\/23322705.2024.2331943"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raymond M. Proulx J. Ruest G. Brouillette-Alarie S. (2023). Sexual recidivism during treatment: Impact on therapists. Sexual Abuse 35(7) 787\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10790632231153636","DOI":"10.1177\/10790632231153636"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roche K. Pagacz J. Lalumi\u00e8re M. L. Seto M. C. (2026). Recruitment issues in research with people who are attracted to children: A systematic review. The Journal of Sex Research 63(1) 45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2025.2484197","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2025.2484197"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosselli M. K. Jeglic E. L. (2017). Factors impacting upon attitudes toward sex offenders: The role of conservatism and knowledge. Psychiatry Psychology and Law 24(4) 496\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13218719.2016.1254562","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2016.1254562"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rozental A. Magnusson K. Boettcher J. Andersson G. Carlbring P. (2017). For better or worse: An individual patient data meta-analysis of deterioration among participants receiving internet-based cognitive behavior therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 85(2) 160\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000158","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rummell C. M. Joyce N. R. (2010). \u201cSo wat do u want to wrk on 2day?\u201d: The ethical implications of online counseling. Ethics & Behavior 20(6) 482\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508422.2010.521450","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2010.521450"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salomonsson S. Santoft F. Linds\u00e4ter E. Ejeby K. Ingvar M. \u00d6st L. G. Lekander M. Lj\u00f3tsson B. Hedman-Lagerl\u00f6f E. (2020). Predictors of outcome in guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for common mental disorders in primary care. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 49(6) 455\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16506073.2019.1669701","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2019.1669701"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saurman E. Kirby S. E. Lyle D. (2015). No longer \u201cflying blind\u201d: How access has changed emergency mental health care in rural and remote emergency departments a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research 15 Article 156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-015-0839-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-0839-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scanlan J. Prichard J. Hall L. C. Watters P. Wortley R. (2024). reThink Chatbot evaluation (Report). University of Tasmania. https:\/\/www.lucyfaithfull.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/reThink_Chatbot_Evaluation_Report.pdf","DOI":"10.21428\/cb6ab371.15f55e78"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seto M. C. Augustyn C. Roche K. M. Hilkes G. (2023). Empirically-based dynamic risk and protective factors for sexual offending. Clinical Psychology Review 106 102355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2023.102355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2023.102355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seto M. C. Roche K. Rodrigues N. C. Curry S. Letourneau E. (2024). Evaluating child sexual abuse perpetration prevention efforts: A systematic review. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 33(7) 847\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2024.2356194","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2024.2356194"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shefner R. T. Johnson J. Shofer F. S. Anderson E. D. (2024). Police officer perspectives on a pre-booking diversion program for people who use drugs in Philadelphia. Journal of Drug Issues 54(4) 576\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220426231179213","DOI":"10.1177\/00220426231179213"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","unstructured":"Skidmore M. Aitkenhead B. Muir R. (2022). Turning the tide against online child sexual abuse (Report). The Police Foundation. https:\/\/www.police-foundation.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/turning_the_tide_FINAL-.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stelzmann D. Jahnke S. Kuhle L. F. (2020). Media coverage of pedophilia: Benefits and risks from healthcare practitioners\u2019 point of view. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(16) 5739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17165739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165739"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephens S. Elchuk D. Davidson M. Williams S. (2022). A review of childhood sexual abuse perpetration prevention programs. Current Psychiatry Reports 24(11) 679\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-022-01375-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-022-01375-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephens S. McPhail I. V. Heasman A. Moss S. (2021). Mandatory reporting and clinician decision-making when a client discloses sexual interest in children. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science\/Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement 53(3) 263\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cbs0000247","DOI":"10.1037\/cbs0000247"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoll J. M\u00fcller J. A. Trachsel M. (2020). Ethical issues in online psychotherapy: A narrative review. Frontiers in Psychiatry 10 Article 993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00993","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00993"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenbergen G. Martinez-Dettamanti M. Christiansen C. (2021). Can nonoffending pedophiles be reached for the primary prevention of child sexual abuse by addressing nonoffending individuals who are attracted to minors in the United States? New strategies with the Global Prevention Project. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 27(4) 265\u2013272. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000561","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000561"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tselenti D. Carvalho J. Azevedo V. Gomes H. S. Haubrock L. S. Hillert J. Rahm C. Briken P. Dekker A. Joleby M. Seto M. C. (2025). Policing child sexual exploitation and abuse cases: A qualitative PRIORITY study of the challenges faced by law enforcement officers in Germany Portugal and Sweden. Policing and Society 35(7) 983\u20131000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10439463.2024.2447842","DOI":"10.1080\/10439463.2024.2447842"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varsi C. Solberg Nes L. Kristjansdottir O. B. Kelders S. M. Stenberg U. Zangi H. A. B\u00f8r\u00f8sund E. Weiss K. E. Stubhaug A. Asbj\u00f8rnsen R. A. Westeng M. \u00d8degaard M. Eide H. (2019). Implementation strategies to enhance the implementation of eHealth programs for patients with chronic illnesses: Realist systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 21(9) Article e14255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/14255","DOI":"10.2196\/14255"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vis C. Mol M. Kleiboer A. B\u00fchrmann L. Finch T. Smit J. Riper H. (2018). Improving implementation of eMental health for mood disorders in routine practice: Systematic review of barriers and facilitating factors. JMIR Mental Health 5(1) Article e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mental.9769","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.9769"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlaescu G. Alasj\u00f6 A. Miloff A. Carlbring P. Andersson G. (2016). Features and functionality of the Iterapi platform for internet-based psychological treatment. Internet Interventions 6 107\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.invent.2016.09.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2016.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Franqu\u00e9 F. Briken P. (2021). Mandated or voluntary treatment of men who committed child sexual abuse: Is there a difference? Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 Article 708210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.708210","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.708210"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wild T. S. N. Fromberger P. Jordan K. M\u00fcller I. M\u00fcller J. L. (2019). Web-Based health services in forensic psychiatry: A review of the use of the internet in the treatment of child sexual abusers and child sexual exploitation material offenders. Frontiers in Psychiatry 9 Article 763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00763","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00763"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson D. B. Brennan I. Olaghere A. (2018). Police-initiated diversion for youth to prevent future delinquent behavior: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews 14(1) 1\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4073\/csr.2018.5","DOI":"10.4073\/csr.2018.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woolderink M. Bindels J. A. Evers S. M. Paulus A. T. van Asselt A. D. van Schayck O. C. (2015). An online health prevention intervention for youth with addicted or mentally ill parents: Experiences and perspectives of participants and providers from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 17(12) Article e274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.4817","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4817"}],"container-title":["Criminal Justice and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00938548251407643","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00938548251407643","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00938548251407643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:11:25Z","timestamp":1777547485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00938548251407643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00938548251407643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00938548251407643","relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-8548","1552-3594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-8548","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]}}}