{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:28:19Z","timestamp":1777908499320,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Latin American Perspectives"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Brazilian state has contradictory laws, policies and practices with regard to the rights of indigenous peoples. Despite the adoption of a democratic Brazilian constitution in 1988 that incorporated a multicultural conception of indigenous rights and the subsequent ratification of new international norms of human rights for indigenous peoples, the practices of the courts and of the various sectors of the state reflect a legal cultural dualism and a \u201cbipolar\u201d state. The case of the Xucuru people sent to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights shows the conflicts between legal and political cultures characterized, on one hand, by an individualistic and colonial approach to indigenous civil rights and, on the other hand, a collectivist and multicultural perspective on the human rights of indigenous peoples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>O Estado brasileiro possui leis, pol\u00edticas e pr\u00e1ticas contradit\u00f3rias em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos direi-tos ind\u00edgenas. Apesar da nova constitui\u00e7\u00e3o democr\u00e1tica de 1988 ter incorporado uma concep\u00e7\u00e3o multicultural dos direitos ind\u00edgenas e de o Estado ter ratificado normas internacionais de direitos humanos dos povos ind\u00edgenas, as pr\u00e1ticas dos tribunais e de v\u00e1rios setores do Estado refletem uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o de dualismo da cultura jur\u00eddica e um Estado \u201cbipolar.\u201d O caso do povo Xucuru encaminhado \u00e0 Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Direitos Humanos demonstra os conflitos entre culturas jur\u00eddicas e pol\u00edticas caracterizadas, de um lado, por uma abordagem individualista e colonial dos direitos civis dos ind\u00edgenas, e, de outro lado, por uma perspectiva coletivista e multicultural dos direitos humanos dos povos ind\u00edgenas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0094582x15600173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T23:44:51Z","timestamp":1439595891000},"page":"172-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Legal Dualism and the Bipolar State"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Cec\u00edlia MacDowell","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0094582X15600173","volume-title":"Xucuru, filhos da m\u00e3e natureza: Uma hist\u00f3ria de resist\u00eancia e luta","author":"Almeida Eliene Amorim de","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr2-0094582X15600173","unstructured":"American Anthropological Association 2009 \u201cXukuru letter.\u201d http:\/\/www.aaanet.org\/cmtes\/cfhr\/xukuru-letter.cfm (accessed April 29, 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