{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:16:36Z","timestamp":1777911396657,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["School Psychology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In Portugal, as in other European countries, gypsy children remain largely at the margins of the educational system. Their underachievement and the associated dropout rates from school are serious educational issues and factors contributing to their marginalization in society. However, there is limited research qualitatively examining the different ways in which gypsy children think about learning. The current study examined data provided by 26 Portuguese gypsy elementary school children ranging from 9- to 13- years-old. Data analysis presented an outcome space representing the gypsy children\u2019s qualitatively different conceptions of learning. Accordingly with their gypsy culture, these Portuguese students perceived their learning of basic numeracy and literacy skills as important for helping their families selling at fairs. These children indicated that they do not intend to continue studying beyond elementary school as they believe that learning of these basic skills is enough for living as a gypsy. The implications for educational processes and school practices are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034312469304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T20:35:57Z","timestamp":1357331757000},"page":"152-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Understanding gypsy children\u2019s conceptions of learning: A phenomenographic study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ros\u00e1rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Armanda","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Mour\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c5kerlind, G.S. (2005). Variation and commonality in phenomenographic research methods.\n                      Higher Education Research and Development\n                      , 321\u2013334. doi: 10.1080\/07294360500284672.","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360500284672"},{"key":"bibr2-0143034312469304","unstructured":"Bastos, J. (2003).\n                      Os Ciganos em Portugal\n                      \u2013\u2013\n                      Ontem\n                      ,\n                      Hoje e Amanh\u00e3\n                      . Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Humanas, Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa."},{"key":"bibr3-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8527.2004.00254.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt9qgxxx.15"},{"key":"bibr5-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01411920903557346","volume":"36","author":"Bhopal K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Educational Research Journal"},{"key":"bibr6-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603110701748403"},{"key":"bibr7-0143034312469304","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Phenomenographic research: Variations in method","author":"Bowden J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr8-0143034312469304","first-page":"155","volume":"2","author":"Casa-Nova M. J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Interac\u00e7\u00f5es"},{"key":"bibr9-0143034312469304","unstructured":"Casa-Nova, M. J. (2008).\n                      Fam\u00edlia\n                      ,\n                      etnicidad\n                      ,\n                      trabajo y educaci\u00f3n\n                      :\n                      estudio etnogr\u00e1fico sobre los modos de vida de una comunidad gitana del norte de Portugal\n                      . Tese de Doutoramento de Antropologia Social. Universidade de Granada."},{"key":"bibr10-0143034312469304","first-page":"150","volume":"8","author":"Dahlgren L. O.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Administration Pharmacy"},{"key":"bibr11-0143034312469304","volume-title":"Teaching traveller children: Maximising learning outcomes","author":"Danaher P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr12-0143034312469304","volume-title":"Aiming high: Raising the achievement of Gypsy Traveller pupils","author":"Department for Education and Skills","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr13-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2007.06.001"},{"key":"bibr14-0143034312469304","unstructured":"Derrington, C. & Kendall, S. (2004).\n                      Gypsy Traveller students in secondary schools\n                      . Stoke on Trent: Trentham."},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr15-0143034312469304","first-page":"119","volume":"7","author":"Derrington C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Social Policy and Society"},{"key":"bibr16-0143034312469304","volume-title":"The gypsies","author":"Fraser A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr17-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2011.01.002"},{"key":"bibr19-0143034312469304","unstructured":"Jaidin, J. (2009).\n                      Conceptions of learning held by upper primary children in government schools in Brunei Darussalam\n                      . PhD thesis, Queensland University of Technology."},{"key":"bibr20-0143034312469304","volume-title":"Moving on. The gypsies and travellers of Britain","author":"Kenrick D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr21-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0002831206298174"},{"key":"bibr22-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02671520500335907"},{"key":"bibr23-0143034312469304","volume-title":"Minoria y Escolaridad: El Paradigma Gitano","author":"Li\u00e9geois J. P.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr24-0143034312469304","volume-title":"Travellers at school: The experience of parents, pupils and teachers","author":"Lloyd G.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr25-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00132516"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr26-0143034312469304","first-page":"28","volume":"21","author":"Marton F.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Thought"},{"key":"bibr27-0143034312469304","volume-title":"Learning and awareness","author":"Marton F.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr28-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1976.tb02980.x"},{"key":"bibr29-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1976.tb02304.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr30-0143034312469304","first-page":"277","volume":"19","author":"Marton F.","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"bibr31-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(96)00009-6"},{"key":"bibr32-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13613324.2010.492138"},{"key":"bibr33-0143034312469304","volume-title":"The education of gypsy and traveller children","author":"O\u2019Hanlon C.","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr34-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1163\/27730840-03702005","volume":"37","author":"Padfield P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scottish Educational Review"},{"key":"bibr35-0143034312469304","volume-title":"Issues in school enrolment, attendance, attainment and support for learning for gypsy\/travellers and school-aged children and young people based in Scottish Local Authority sites","author":"Padfield P.","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr36-0143034312469304","first-page":"39","volume":"30","author":"Parker-Jenkins M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Education"},{"key":"bibr37-0143034312469304","unstructured":"Phillips, T. (2004). A strategy for gypsies and travellers. Paper presented at the National Association of Traveller Teachers Conference, Oxford, UK."},{"key":"bibr38-0143034312469304","volume-title":"The child's conceptions of learning","author":"Pramling I.","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr39-0143034312469304","first-page":"565","volume-title":"Handbook of education and human development: New models of learning, teaching and schooling","author":"Pramling I.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr40-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1360311032000110972"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr41-0143034312469304","first-page":"828","volume":"22","author":"Ros\u00e1rio P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"bibr42-0143034312469304","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Improving learning: New perspectives","author":"S\u00e4lj\u00f6 R.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr43-0143034312469304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0729436970160207"},{"key":"bibr44-0143034312469304","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry: A dictionary of terms","author":"Schwandt T.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr45-0143034312469304","unstructured":"Steketee, C. (1997).\n                      Conceptions of learning held by students in the lower\n                      ,\n                      middle and upper grades of primary schools\n                      . 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