{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T09:54:46Z","timestamp":1774518886522,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The authors report two studies exploring the role of a manager\u2019s empathy in delivering negative news more fairly. In Study 1, 132 practicing managers completed a scenario task in which a layoff was to be communicated. Trait empathic concern predicted interpersonal and informational justice of written messages. In Study 2, 81 students provided face-to-face feedback to a confederate, which was videotaped. An empathic induction resulted in higher levels of interpersonal and informational justice relative to a control group. Furthermore, the empathic induction had a greater effect on interpersonal and informational justice for communicators who were high (versus low) in moral development. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206308328509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T02:24:42Z","timestamp":1229999082000},"page":"555-578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Increasing Interpersonal and Informational Justice When Communicating Negative News: The Role of the Manager\u2019s Empathic Concern and Moral Development"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"David L.","family":"Patient","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Portugal,"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Skarlicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken, L.S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Self-regulatory identity theory and reactions toward fairness enhancing organizational policies","author":"Aquino, K.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Self-report ratings of empathic emotion","author":"Batson, C.D.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"The altruism question: Toward a social-psychological answer","author":"Batson, C.D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167297237008"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Adults\u2019 emotional reactions to the distress of others","author":"Batson, C.D.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.3.495"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639502100601"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048157"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"289","volume":"9","author":"Bies, R.J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Research in organizational behavior"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Interactional (in)justice: The sacred and the profane","author":"Bies, R.J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"43","volume":"1","author":"Bies, R.J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Research on negotiation in organizations"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Beyond distrust","author":"Bies, R.J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Justice and empathy: What motivates people to help others?","author":"Blader, S.L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"How can explanations be used to foster organizational justice?","author":"Bobocel, D.R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.120.2.189"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511813085"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Nonverbal communication: The unspoken dialogue","author":"Burgoon, J.K.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637757909376011"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2001.2958"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.36.7.752"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.425"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.1.98"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0742-7301(01)20001-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb25","first-page":"85","volume":"10","author":"Davis, M.H.","year":"1980","journal-title":"JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.113"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Empathy: A social psychological approach","author":"Davis, M.H.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.665"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Empathy, sympathy, and altruism: Empirical and conceptual links","author":"Eisenberg, N.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"Critical issues in the study of empathy","author":"Eisenberg, N.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"Values, achievement, and justice: Studies in the psychology of deservingness","author":"Feather, N.T.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2183696"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"Fairness as a moral virtue","author":"Folger, R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb34","volume-title":"Fairness as deonance","author":"Folger, R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452225777"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256899"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Fairness as a dependent variable: Why tough times can lead to bad management","author":"Folger, R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4822(02)00099-2"},{"key":"atypb39","volume-title":"Primal leadership: Realizing the power of emotional intelligence","author":"Goleman, D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.62.6.958"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.75.5.561"},{"key":"atypb42","first-page":"111","volume":"12","author":"Greenberg, J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior"},{"key":"atypb43","volume-title":"The social side of fairness: Interpersonal and informational classes of organizational justice","author":"Greenberg, J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.79.2.288"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639301900203"},{"key":"atypb46","volume-title":"The contribution of empathy to justice and moral judgment","author":"Hoffman, M.L.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511805851"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1991.4278958"},{"key":"atypb49","volume-title":"Stage and sequence: The cognitive developmental approach to socialization","author":"Kohlberg, L.","year":"1969"},{"key":"atypb50","volume-title":"The psychology of moral development: The nature and validity of moral stages","author":"Kohlberg, L.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb51","volume-title":"Moral stages: A current formulation and a response to critics","author":"Kohlberg, L.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.83.5.731"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-5978(02)00035-3"},{"key":"atypb54","volume-title":"Gender and age differences in empathy and sympathy","author":"Lennon, R.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0448-5"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2667109"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036639"},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.30"},{"key":"atypb59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2989898"},{"key":"atypb60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.6.1270"},{"key":"atypb61","volume-title":"Moral development: Advances in research and theory","author":"Rest, J.R.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb62","volume-title":"Background: Theory and research","author":"Rest, J.R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.4.644"},{"key":"atypb64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00140.x"},{"key":"atypb65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600006648"},{"key":"atypb66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1994.1041"},{"key":"atypb67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"key":"atypb68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.82.3.434"},{"key":"atypb69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-3085(04)26005-1"},{"key":"atypb70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00909880701262997"},{"key":"atypb71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60251-8"},{"key":"atypb72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00150.x"},{"key":"atypb73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.43.2.281"},{"key":"atypb74","volume-title":"Social justice in a diverse society","author":"Tyler, T.R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60283-X"},{"key":"atypb76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.81.5.557"},{"key":"atypb77","volume-title":"Developing management skills","author":"Whetton, D.","year":"2007","edition":"7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0149206308328509","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0149206308328509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T06:16:51Z","timestamp":1740982611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0149206308328509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0149206308328509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0149206308328509","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-2063","1557-1211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-2063","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-1211","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]}}}