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JSE-S datasets were retrieved from previous studies of 4113 first- and\/or second-year medical students from Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Brazil, France, Spain, New Zealand, UK, Ireland, Mexico, and Peru. Parallel principal component analyses and item response theory were applied. Excluding item 18, the Compassionate Care subscale emerged in five samples (Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, France and UK\/Ireland), Perspective Taking in three (Switzerland, Portugal and UK\/Ireland) and Walking in Patient\u2019s Shoes in five (Switzerland, Portugal, Spain, UK\/Ireland and Mexico\/Peru). All subscales had items providing overlapping information. The JSE-S subscales had reliable high test performance at low empathy levels, while when the JSE-S increased, the standard error also increased. There was no consistent support across countries for the JSE-S three-factorial structure. Items provided redundant information and discriminatory power decreased when aiming to differentiate students at high empathy levels. A JSE-S revision to improve cross-cultural comparability, results\u2019 generalizability and validity should focus on suppressing or reformulating items that cannot differentiate medical students\u2019 empathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01632787241296540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T20:25:44Z","timestamp":1729715144000},"page":"199-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cross-national Psychometric Evaluation of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Medical Student Version"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Piumatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Agnelli"}]},{"given":"Manuel Jo\u00e3o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Minho"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Alcorta-Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon"},{"name":"Service of Oncology, Psych -oncology, Liaison Medicine and Palliative Care, University Hospital \u201cJos\u00e9 E. 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