{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:53:49Z","timestamp":1777913629891,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/108635\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/108635\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/4255\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/4255\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["West J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to analyze caregivers and care recipients\u2019 health characteristics and caregiving context changes during a one-year follow-up. A total of 204 informal caregivers and oldest-old care recipients ( \u2265 80 years) were assessed on two occasions, 12 months apart. Information was retrieved on the dyad\u2019s sociodemographic profile, caregiver\u2019s health\/caregiving outcomes, care recipients\u2019 dependency level, and caregiving context. Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables and comparisons between the two moments using paired t tests or McNemar tests. Caregiving hours, caregiver burden, and negative aspects of caregiving got significantly worse over one year. The number of unmet needs, in-home services utilization, and self-perception of mental health improved. Care recipients declined in their functional and health status and on their cognitive performance. This study provides information about caregiving trajectory changes over one year and stresses a probable caregiver adaptation even when facing increasing caregiving demands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945920954862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T06:17:50Z","timestamp":1599718670000},"page":"416-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trajectories of Informal Caregiving to the Oldest-old: A One-year Follow-up Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.ICBAS), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.UA), Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Constan\u00e7a","family":"Pa\u00fal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.ICBAS), Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves S., O\u2019Caoimh R., Ribeiro O., Teixeira L., Molloy D. W., Pa\u00fal C. (2020). Screening for caregiver burden in the community: Validation of the European Portuguese Screening Version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-4). Clinical Gerontologist. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07317115.2020.1728807","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2020.1728807"},{"key":"bibr2-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves S., Teixeira L., Ribeiro O., Pa\u00fal C. (2020). Examining frailty phenotype dimensions in the oldest old. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00434","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00434"},{"key":"bibr3-0193945920954862","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Actas do 7\u00ba Congresso Nacional de Psicologia da Sa\u00fade","author":"Ara\u00fajo F.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr4-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedard M., Molloy D. W., Squire L., Dubois S., Lever J. A., O\u2019Donnell M. (2001). The Zarit Burden Interview: A new short version and screening version. The Gerontologist, 41(5), 652\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/41.5.652","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/41.5.652"},{"key":"bibr5-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Booker C. L., Harding S., Benzeval M. (2011). A systematic review of the effect of retention methods in population-based cohort studies. BMC Public Health, 11(249). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-249","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-249"},{"key":"bibr6-0193945920954862","unstructured":"Committee on Family Caregiving for Older Adults, Board on Health Care Services, Health and Medicine Division, & National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine. (2016). Family caregiving roles and impacts. In Schulz R., Eden J. (Eds.), Families caring for an aging America. National Academies Press. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK396398\/"},{"key":"bibr7-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleming J., Matthews F. E., Brayne C. (2008). Falls in advanced old age: Recalled falls and prospective follow-up of over-90-year-olds in the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort study. BMC Geriatrics, 8, 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2318-8-6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-6"},{"key":"bibr8-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folstein M., Folstein S., McHugh P. (1975). \u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"bibr9-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gandek B., Ware J. E., Aaronson N. K., Apolone G., Bjorner J. B., Brazier J. E., Bullinger M., Kaasa S., Leplege A., Prieto L., Sullivan M. (1998). Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: Results from the IQOLA Project. International Quality of Life Assessment. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 1171\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00109-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00109-7"},{"key":"bibr10-0193945920954862","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"Guerreiro M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Revista Portuguesa de Neurologia"},{"key":"bibr11-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haley W. E., Pardo K. M. (1989). Relationship of severity of dementia to caregiving stressors. Psychology and Aging, 4(4), 389\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0882-7974.4.4.389","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0882-7974.4.4.389"},{"key":"bibr12-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helvik A. S., Engedal K., Selbaek G. (2013). Perceived health among the medically hospitalized elderly: A one-year follow-up study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 41(4), 421\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1403494813480278","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494813480278"},{"key":"bibr13-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laporte Uribe F., Graske J., Grill S., Heinrich S., Schafer-Walkmann S., Thyrian J. R., Holle B. (2017). Regional dementia care networks in Germany: Changes in caregiver burden at one-year follow-up and associated factors. International Psychogeriatrics, 29(6), 991\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610217000126","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217000126"},{"key":"bibr14-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laranjeira C. A. (2008). General health questionnaire-12 items: Adaptation study to the Portuguese population. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 17(2), 148\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1121189X00002840","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00002840"},{"key":"bibr15-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawton M. P., Brody E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist, 9(3), 179\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179"},{"key":"bibr16-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawton M. P., Kleban M. H., Moss M., Rovine M., Glicksman A. (1989). Measuring caregiving appraisal. Journal of Gerontology, 44(3), 61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronj\/44.3.P61","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/44.3.P61"},{"key":"bibr17-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Losada A., M\u00e1rquez-Gonz\u00e1lez M., Vara-Garc\u00eda C., Gallego-Alberto L., Romero-Moreno R., Pillemer K. (2018). Ambivalence and guilt feelings: Two relevant variables for understanding caregivers\u2019 depressive symptomatology. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(1), 59\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2116","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2116"},{"key":"bibr18-0193945920954862","first-page":"61","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney F. I.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Maryland State Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr19-0193945920954862","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn I., Pa\u00fal C., Roncon J. (2000). Estudo de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o e valida\u00e7\u00e3o da escala de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de cuidado informal [Adaptation and validation study of the informal care assessment scale]. Psicologia, Sa\u00fade & Doen\u00e7as, 1(1), 3\u20139. http:\/\/www.scielo.mec.pt\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1645-00862000000100001&lng=pt&tlng=pt"},{"key":"bibr20-0193945920954862","author":"Martins A. T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acidente vascular cerebral. Qualidade de vida e bem estar dos doentes e familiares cuidadores"},{"key":"bibr21-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mein G., Johal S., Grant R. L., Seale C., Ashcroft R., Tinker A. (2012). Predictors of two forms of attrition in a longitudinal health study involving ageing participants: An analysis based on the Whitehall II study. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 12, 164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-12-164","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-164"},{"key":"bibr22-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearlin L. I., Mullan J. T., Semple S. J., Skaff M. M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The Gerontologist, 30(5), 583\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/30.5.583","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.5.583"},{"key":"bibr23-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price M. L., Surr C. A., Gough B., Ashley L. (2020). Experiences and support needs of informal caregivers of people with multimorbidity: A scoping literature review. Psychology & Health, 35(1), 36\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870446.2019.1626125","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1626125"},{"key":"bibr24-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raitanen J., Stenholm S., Tiainen K., Jylh\u00e4 M., Nevalainen J. (2019). Longitudinal change in physical functioning and dropout due to death among the oldest old: A comparison of three methods of analysis. European Journal of Ageing, 17, 207\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10433-019-00533-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-019-00533-x"},{"key":"bibr25-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rapo-Pylkk\u00f6 S., Haanp\u00e4\u00e4 M., Liira H. (2017). A one-year follow-up study of chronic pain in community-dwelling older adults with and without neuropathic pain. BMC Geriatrics, 17, 152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0537-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0537-x"},{"key":"bibr26-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarria Cabrera M. A., Gomes Dellaroza M. S., Trelha C. S., Cecilio C. H., Souza S. E. (2012). One-year follow-up of non-institutionalized dependent older adults: mortality, hospitalization, and mobility. Canadian Journal on Aging, 31(3), 357\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0714980812000244","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980812000244"},{"key":"bibr27-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takagi E., Davey A., Wagner D. (2013). A national profile of caregivers for the oldest-old. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 44(4), 473\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jcfs.44.4.473","DOI":"10.3138\/jcfs.44.4.473"},{"key":"bibr28-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang M.C., Li T.C., Li C.I., Liu C.S., Lin W.Y., Lin C.H., Yang C.W., Yang S.Y., Lin C.C. (2019). Frailty, transition in frailty status and all-cause mortality in older adults of a Taichung community-based population. BMC Geriatrics, 19, 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-019-1039-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1039-9"},{"key":"bibr29-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Win K. K., Chong M. S., Ali N., Chan M., Lim W. S. (2017). Burden among family caregivers of dementia in the oldest-old: An exploratory study. Frontiers in Medicine, 4, 205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2017.00205","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00205"},{"key":"bibr30-0193945920954862","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu H. (2015). Unmet needs in long-term care and their associated factors among the oldest old in China. BMC Geriatrics, 15, 46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-015-0045-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0045-9"}],"container-title":["Western Journal of Nursing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0193945920954862","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0193945920954862","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0193945920954862","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:27:36Z","timestamp":1777652856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0193945920954862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0193945920954862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0193945920954862","relation":{},"ISSN":["0193-9459","1552-8456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0193-9459","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]}}}