{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:27:19Z","timestamp":1762100839991,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]],"date-time":"1997-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Background: Focal spasticity can be a major drawback in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Previous studies suggest a beneficial effect for botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) for relief of spasticity. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of BTX-A in the treatment of spasticity in a homogeneous group of stroke patients. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods: In this phase III open label trial 19 stroke patients stable for at least six months were enrolled (mean age 53.1 (SD 3.27) years; range 26-72). There were 16 males and 4 females. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Assessments: Clinical (Ashworth spasticity rating scale, scores for joint mobility, pain and frequency of spasms, Frenchay arm test (FAT)) and subjective (semi-quantitative rating scale filled out by the patient). Only hand and finger flexors were injected. The maximum dosage was 150 U BOTOX\u00ae (25 U\/muscle), the mean dosage was 92.1 \u00b1 31.6 U BOTOX\u00ae. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results: Ashworth rating scale and joint mobility scores improved from a median value of 2 at baseline to a median value of 1 one month after treatment, FAT scores also improved from a median value of 0 at baseline to a median value of 1 one month after treatment (Kruskall-Wallis test p &lt; 0.01). Two-thirds of the patients rated their functional improvement as none or mild. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions: Our study confirmed that BTX-A has an anti-spastic effect but its functional impact needs further evaluation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/026921559701100102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T22:06:09Z","timestamp":1217282769000},"page":"3-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of arm and hand spasticity in stroke patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hospital de Santa Maria"}]},{"given":"Joaquim J","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon"}]},{"given":"Ana A","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Castro-Caldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104253241707"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280407"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105143042010","volume":"304","author":"Young RR","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105143042010","volume":"304","author":"Young RR","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.7.773"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00812153","volume":"239","author":"Dengler R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"232","volume":"58","author":"Dunne JW","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"212","volume":"148","author":"M\u00e9min B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"atypb9","first-page":"401","volume":"43","author":"Das TK","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Clin Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb10","first-page":"98","volume":"5","author":"Hesse S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1321"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"540","volume":"192","author":"Ashworth B.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.11.1267"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.4.712"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/026921559701100102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/026921559701100102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T21:44:22Z","timestamp":1740951862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/026921559701100102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/026921559701100102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026921559701100102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2155","1477-0873"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-2155"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1477-0873"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}}}