{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:13:49Z","timestamp":1788545629318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003390","name":"Fritz Thyssen Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20.25.0.010PO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20.25.0.010PO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The American Review of Public Administration"],"abstract":"<jats:p>What do citizens believe to be guiding motives behind the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in government, and how are these beliefs related to AI acceptance? Drawing on moral judgment theory, the present article argues that the presumed intentions behind AI use matter for citizens\u2019 evaluations of this use. It studies how citizens\u2019 beliefs about public values motives are associated with AI acceptance across four types of AI use that involve different citizen-state relationships. The analysis uses survey data from 2072 respondents in Germany and the Netherlands and finds that that acceptance of AI use hinges on whether citizens believe that government AI adoption is guided by performance-related values \u2013 efficiency, effectiveness, productivity. Beliefs about procedure-related public values motives \u2013 impartiality, equal treatment, transparency \u2013 do not matter. The findings have implications for how to engender public support for government AI use and for understanding imbalances in public values driving AI adoption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02750740261481775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:34:08Z","timestamp":1788388448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Why Government Turns to AI \u2013 What Citizens Believe and How it Matters. Survey Evidence from Germany and the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9466-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal D.","family":"Koenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VU Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/muac007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30636\/jbpa.71.261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5907.00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0032321716667956"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Explainable artificial intelligence\u2014an analysis of the trade-offs between performance and explainability2023 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)","author":"Assis A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Assis A., V\u00e9ras D., Andrade E. (2023). Explainable artificial intelligence\u2014an analysis of the trade-offs between performance and explainability. 2023 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI) (pp. 1\u20136). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LA-CCI58595.2023.10409462"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.70036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12986"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173951"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","volume-title":"Public values and public interest: Counterbalancing economic individualism","author":"Bozeman B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bozeman B. (2007). Public values and public interest: Counterbalancing economic individualism. Georgetown University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2018.1529878"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781803928562.00030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11022.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.13293"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2022.101688"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2012.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2024.102002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2025.102033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","volume-title":"Value-based governance","author":"De Graaf G.","year":"2025","unstructured":"De Graaf G. (2025). Value-based governance. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781009621601"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0275074014529361"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0275074010375298"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09520767231198737"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123416000508"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2022). Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2022. European Commission."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ppmgov\/gvae011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2022.101704"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/annals.2018.0057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550611433470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.13483"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ppmgov\/gvac008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2016.1192166"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2024.101985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9299.00348"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2023.101876"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2023.104553"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9299.00338"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399707300703"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.12570"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2022.2144938"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207992110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951718756684"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01722.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2021.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15091265"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207599208246877"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Advances in electronic government, digital divide, and regional development","author":"Madan R.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madan R., Ashok M. (2022). A public values perspective on the application of artificial intelligence in government practices: A synthesis of case studies. In Saura J. R., Debasa F. (Eds.), Advances in electronic government, digital divide, and regional development (pp. 162\u2013189). IGI Global. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199548453.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-023-01750-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ppmgov\/gvx009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","unstructured":"Niederhoffer K. Kellerman G. R. Lee A. Liebscher A. Rapuano K. Hancock J. T. (2025). AI-generated \u201cworkslop\u201d is destroying productivity. Harvard Business Review. https:\/\/hbr.org\/2025\/09\/ai-generated-workslop-is-destroying-productivity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-025-02478-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33417-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0275074019859944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674736061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198297253.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i25.34833"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00596-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10841806.2008.11029617"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12742"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.13754"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2019.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6765.12293"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2025.02.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.57.5.830"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002075900399411"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01900690902732681"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2022.101714"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781802207347.00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/muq092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/muj018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6210.2012.02613.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5553\/Bk\/092733872024033004001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padm.12901"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01900692.2018.1498103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2025.102084"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2022.100206"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tilr.303"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.11.033"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_81_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Artificial discretion as a tool of governance: A framework for understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on public administration","volume":"2","author":"Young M. M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Young M. M., Bullock J. B., Lecy J. D. (2019). Artificial discretion as a tool of governance: A framework for understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on public administration. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 2(4), 301\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ppmgov\/gvz014","journal-title":"Perspectives on Public Management and Governance"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ppmgov\/gvab006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Navigating the algorithmic state: Public values and citizens\u2019 preferences of AI -driven public service delivery","author":"Zheng G.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zheng G., Lee H., Li W., Liu Y., Tang T. (2026). Navigating the algorithmic state: Public values and citizens\u2019 preferences of AI -driven public service delivery. Public Administration, online first, 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fpadm.70066","journal-title":"Public Administration"}],"container-title":["The American Review of Public Administration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02750740261481775","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02750740261481775","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02750740261481775","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:49:38Z","timestamp":1788544178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02750740261481775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02750740261481775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02750740261481775","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-0740","1552-3357"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-0740","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3357","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"article-number":"02750740261481775"}}