{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:36:02Z","timestamp":1777728962099,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a challenging global and public health issue, raising bioethical challenges, considerations and strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research protocol presents a conceptual model leading to formulating an empirically based bioethics framework for antibiotic use, AMR and designing ethically robust strategies to protect human health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mixed methods research will be used and operationalized into five substudies. The bioethical framework will encompass and integrate two theoretical models: global bioethics and ethical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Being a study protocol, this article reports on planned and ongoing research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on data collection, future findings and using a comprehensive, integrative, evidence-based approach, a step-by-step bioethical framework will be developed for (i) responsible use of antibiotics in healthcare and (ii) design of strategies to decrease AMR. This will entail the analysis and interpretation of approaches from several bioethical theories, including deontological and consequentialist approaches, and the implications of uncertainty to these approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517697595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T08:31:08Z","timestamp":1493627468000},"page":"1787-1793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Toward a bioethical framework for antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance and for empirically designing ethically robust strategies to protect human health: a research protocol"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Marrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio\u00e9tica, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Bioethics, Institute of Bioethics, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Martins Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio\u00e9tica, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Bioethics, Institute of Bioethics, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Joana","family":"de S\u00e1 Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio\u00e9tica, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio\u00e9tica, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Bioethics, Institute of Bioethics, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bio\u00e9tica, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Bioethics, Institute of Bioethics, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300060517697595","volume-title":"Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr2-0300060517697595","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70780-7"},{"key":"bibr3-0300060517697595","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10806-011-9370-y"},{"key":"bibr4-0300060517697595","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.1.25"},{"key":"bibr5-0300060517697595","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Revisiting the \u201ctragedy of the commons\u201d. 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