{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:28:55Z","timestamp":1777919335418,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50022\/2020 and PTDC\/EME-EME\/0949\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50022\/2020 and PTDC\/EME-EME\/0949\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia of Portugal","award":["2022.12351.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.12351.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an upset geometry sequence to determine the fracture forming limits in a wide variety of strain loading paths ranging from uniaxial compression to equibiaxial tension. The strains at fracture in principal strain space are obtained by combination of digital image correlation and experimental evolutions of the compression force versus time, and their representation in the effective strain versus stress triaxiality space is accomplished by means of a new analytical framework that uses the instantaneous slope of the strain loading paths. Modeling of the experimental strains at fracture by means of an uncoupled ductile fracture criterion built upon combination of the Cockcroft-Latham and McClintock criteria and fractography analysis using a scanning electron microscope allow understanding and characterizing the crack opening modes by shear and tension as well as the uncertainty region inside which mixed crack opening modes are observed. Results confirm that the overall philosophy and objectives underlying the new upset geometry sequence for determining the fracture forming limits in bulk forming resemble those of the Nakajima test that is commonly used in sheet forming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03093247231187015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T02:15:11Z","timestamp":1689041711000},"page":"621-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A complete characterization of THE fracture forming limits in bulk forming by means of an upset geometry sequence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Rui FV","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o PM","family":"Pragana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivo MF","family":"Bragan\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIMOSM, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos MA","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo AF","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03093247231187015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/680092"},{"key":"bibr2-03093247231187015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/680093"},{"key":"bibr3-03093247231187015","unstructured":"ISO 12004-2:2008. Metallic materials - Determination of forming-limit curves for sheet and strip - Part 2: Determination of forming-limit curves in the laboratory."},{"key":"bibr4-03093247231187015","unstructured":"Nakajima K, Kikuma T, Hasuka K. Study on the Formability of Steel Sheets. 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