{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:30:00Z","timestamp":1777919400420,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wind Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Joint statistical models for long-term wave climate are a key aspect of offshore wind engineering design. However, to find a joint model for sea-state characteristics is often difficult due to the complex nature of the wave climate and the physical constraints of sea-states phenomena. The available records of wave heights and periods are often very asymmetric in their nature. This article presents a copula-based approach to obtain the joint cumulative distribution function of the significant wave heights and the up-crossing mean period. This study is based on 124-month hindcast data concerning Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm. The extra-parametrization technique of symmetric copulas is implemented to account for the asymmetry present in the data. The analysis of the total sea, the wind-sea and primary swell components is performed separately. The results show that the extra-parametrization technique with pairwise copulas consistently provided a better goodness-of-fit when compared to symmetric copulas. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the separation of the total sea into its components does not always improve the extra-parametrized copula\u2019s performance. Furthermore, this article also discusses copulas application to offshore wind engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0309524x18777323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T01:14:21Z","timestamp":1531358061000},"page":"304-334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Asymmetric copula\u2013based distribution models for met-ocean data in offshore wind engineering applications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Tiago","family":"Fazeres-Ferradosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Taveira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Vanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strategic Research and Innovation, DNVGL, H\u00f8vik, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics and Environment Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luciana das","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Marine & Dredging Consultants (IMDC), Antwerp, Belgium"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"bibr2-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2016.09.015"},{"key":"bibr3-0309524X18777323","volume-title":"API RP 2FPS: Planning, Designing and Constructing Floating Production Systems","author":"API","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr4-0309524X18777323","volume-title":"API RP 2A-WSD: Planning, Designing, and Constructing Fixed Offshore - Working Stress Design","author":"API","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr5-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2015.01.007"},{"key":"bibr6-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/OMAE2009-80261"},{"key":"bibr7-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v052.i03"},{"key":"bibr8-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2012.06.111"},{"key":"bibr9-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2013.04.003"},{"key":"bibr10-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2017.11.043"},{"key":"bibr11-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2013.01.011"},{"key":"bibr12-0309524X18777323","volume-title":"Horns Rev 3 Offshore Wind Farm - Metaocean","author":"DMI","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr13-0309524X18777323","volume-title":"DNV-OS-J101: Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures","author":"DNVGL","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr14-0309524X18777323","volume-title":"DNVGL-RP-C205: Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads","author":"DNVGL","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr15-0309524X18777323","volume-title":"DNVGL-ST-0262: Lifetime Extension of Wind Turbines","author":"DNVGL","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr16-0309524X18777323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2012.12.002"},{"key":"bibr17-0309524X18777323","unstructured":"Dowell J, Zitrou A, Walls L, et al. 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