{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T05:06:36Z","timestamp":1775279196081,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wind Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents a methodology to assess the reliability of dynamic scour protections used to protect offshore wind turbine foundations. The computed probabilities of failure are based on a dataset of 124 months of hindcast data from the Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm. Copula-based models are used to obtain the joint distribution function of the significant wave height and spectral peak period and to obtain the probability of failure of scour protections. The sensitivity of the probability of failure to each model is addressed. The influence of the duration of the waves\u2019 time series is also studied. A sensitivity analysis of the probability of failure to physical constraints, such as the water depth, current\u2019s velocity or the mean diameter of the armour units, is performed. The results show that probability of failure is dependent on the copula used to model the spectral parameters and the associated value of Kendall\u2019s \u03c4. It is shown that the copula presenting the best values of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) did not lead to the probabilities of failure that are closer to the non-parametric estimation, obtained by means of the bivariate version of the Kernel density estimation method. The application to the case study led to annual probabilities of failure, which are comparable with the values applied for other offshore components, according to the current offshore wind industry standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0309524x18807033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T02:13:43Z","timestamp":1542766423000},"page":"506-538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Reliability assessment of offshore dynamic scour protections using copulas"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Fazeres-Ferradosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Taveira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Rom\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"MT","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics and Environment Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L das","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics, Water Resources and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"International Marine & Dredging Consultants (IMDC), Antwerp, Belgium"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"Handbook of Countermeasures Designs","author":"Agrawal A","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr2-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"bibr3-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2016.09.015"},{"key":"bibr4-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10956"},{"key":"bibr5-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.03.148"},{"key":"bibr6-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:3(313)"},{"key":"bibr7-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"The Rock Manual: The Use of Rock in Hydraulic Engineering","author":"CIRIA, CUR and CETMEF","year":"2007","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr8-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2013.01.011"},{"key":"bibr9-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"Horns Rev 3 Offshore Wind Farm \u2013 Metaocean","author":"Danish Meteorological Institute","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr10-0309524X18807033","author":"De Vos L","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optimisation of scour protection design for monopiles and quantification of wave run-up \u2013 engineering the influence of an offshore wind turbine on local flow conditions"},{"key":"bibr11-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2011.02.001"},{"key":"bibr12-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2011.11.001"},{"key":"bibr13-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European wind energy conference & exhibition","author":"Den Boon JH","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr14-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"DNV classification notes 30.6-structural reliability analysis of marine structures","author":"Det Norske Veritas","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr15-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2007.06.005"},{"key":"bibr16-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"DNVGL-RP-C205 environmental conditions and Environmental loads","author":"DNV GL","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr17-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"DNVGL-ST-0262-lifetime extension of wind turbines","author":"DNV GL","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr18-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"DNV-OS-J101-design of offshore wind turbine structures","author":"DNV GL","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr19-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2014.11.005"},{"key":"bibr20-0309524X18807033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b18674"},{"key":"bibr21-0309524X18807033","volume-title":"OPTI-PILE, Fifth Research and Technological Development Framework Programme","author":"E-Connection, Vestas Wind Systems and Germanischer Lloyd","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr22-0309524X18807033","unstructured":"Embrechts P, Lindskog F, McNeil A (2001) Modelling Dependence With Copulas and Applications to Risk Management. 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