{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:37:44Z","timestamp":1777635464804,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]],"date-time":"2017-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) represent a major clinical concern, especially when degeneration and chronicity are involved, which highly compromise healing capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the effect of the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on tendon cells (TCs) followed by the combination of these activated TCs with an electrospun keratin-based scaffold to develop a tissue engineering strategy to improve tendon-bone interface (TBi) healing in a chronic MRCT rat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human TCs (hTCs) cultured with the human MSCs (hMSCs) secretome (as conditioned media [CM]) were combined with keratin electrospun scaffolds and further implanted in a chronic MRCT rat model. Wistar-Han rats (N = 15) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: untreated lesion (MRCT group, n = 5), lesion treated with a scaffold only (scaffold-only group, n = 5), and lesion treated with a scaffold seeded with hTCs preconditioned with hMSCs-CM (STC_hMSC_CM group, n = 5). After sacrifice, 16 weeks after surgery, the rotator cuff TBi was harvested for histological analysis and biomechanical testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The hMSCs secretome increased hTCs viability and density in vitro. In vivo, a significant improvement of the tendon maturing score was observed in the STC_hMSC_CM group (mean \u00b1 standard error of the mean, 15.6 \u00b1 1.08) compared with the MRCT group (11.0 \u00b1 1.38; P &lt; .05). Biomechanical tests revealed a significant increase in the total elongation to rupture (STC_hMSC_CM, 11.99 \u00b1 3.30 mm; scaffold-only, 9.89 \u00b1 3.47 mm; MRCT, 5.86 \u00b1 3.16 mm; P &lt; .05) as well as a lower stiffness (STC_hMSC_CM, 6.25 \u00b1 1.74 N\/mm; scaffold-only, 6.72 \u00b1 1.28 N\/mm; MRCT, 11.54 \u00b1 2.99 N\/mm; P &lt; .01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results demonstrated that hMSCs-CM increased hTCs viability and density in vitro. Clear benefits also were observed when these primed cells were integrated into a tissue engineering strategy with an electrospun keratin scaffold, as evidenced by improved histological and biomechanical properties for the STC_hMSC_CM group compared with the MRCT group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work supports further investigation into the use of MSC secretome for priming TCs toward a more differentiated phenotype, and it promotes the tissue engineering strategy as a promising modality to help improve treatment outcomes for chronic MRCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517735850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]],"date-time":"2017-10-23T11:20:20Z","timestamp":1508757620000},"page":"449-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Improves Tendon Cell Viability In Vitro and Tendon-Bone Healing In Vivo When a Tissue Engineering Strategy Is Used in a Rat Model of Chronic Massive Rotator Cuff Tear"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Sevivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Orthopaedics Department, Hospital de Braga and Hospital Privado de Braga, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Espregueira-Mendes, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Est\u00e1dio do Drag\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Gabriel","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Hospital de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Direito-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics Department, Hospital de Braga and Hospital Privado de Braga, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Espregueira-Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Espregueira-Mendes, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Est\u00e1dio do Drag\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe J.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Wan Ting","family":"Sow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Luong T.H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Kee Woei","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J.","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute 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