{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:04:37Z","timestamp":1777921477839,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]],"date-time":"1998-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":904608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Science Information"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three studies explore the intergroup differentiation of heterogeneity as a strategy for validation of polemical social representations. The first study examines this strategy of validation in a context of simple intergroup differentiation. In the second study the context is one of open political conflict. The last study, also in a political context, introduces the perceptions of the relations between the groups as an independent variable. The first two studies show that the subjects adopted a strategy of validating the polemical representations of the ingroup and invalidating the representations of the outgroup consisting of perceiving the ingroup as psychologically diverse and the outgroup as psychologically more homogeneous, with values being perceived as equally homogeneous in the two groups (study 1) or homogeneous in the ingroup and diverse in the outgroup (study 2). In the third study results show that a salient perception of positive interdependence between the groups is accompanied by homogenization of the members of the ingroup who share the prototypical representations of the ingroup. When there is a salient perception of negative interdependence, the members of the ingroup and the outgroup who share the prototypical position of the ingroup are perceived as heterogeneous. Results are discussed in the context of social representations theory and social psychology of social validation of knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/053901898037003006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,11]],"date-time":"2007-03-11T01:06:37Z","timestamp":1173575197000},"page":"469-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Validation of polemical social representations: introducing the intergroup differentiation of heterogeneity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Vala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonel","family":"Garcia-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gouveia-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diniz","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","author":"Allen, V."},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Social Psychology","author":"Allport, F."},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"IVth National Congress of Social Psychology","author":"Am\u00e2ncio, L."},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Social Psychology","author":"Asch, S."},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Applications of Information Theory to Psychology","author":"Attneave, F."},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Arguing and Thinking: a Rhetorical Approach to Social Psychology","author":"Billig, M."},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034212"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"180","volume-title":"Empirical Approaches to Social Representations","author":"Breakwell, G."},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de desempenho: Met\u00e1foras, conceitos e pr\u00e1ticas","author":"Caetano, A."},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale","author":"Correia, I."},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"L'Explication quotidienne","author":"Deschamps, J."},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"95","volume-title":"European Review of Social Psychology","author":"Devos, T."},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 de psychologie cognitive 3","author":"Doise, W."},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"\u201cTheoretical Endeavours in the Experimental Study of Intergroup Relations: Rabbie's Contribution\u201d","author":"Doise, W."},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"The Psychology of Attitudes","author":"Eagly, A."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420240304"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/053901894033002006"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675200500402"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Garcia-Marques, L. (1987) \u201cDa Categoriza\u00e7\u00e3o da influ\u00eancia social para a influ\u00eancia da categoriza\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa (unpublished manuscript)."},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Garcia-Marques, L. (1994) \u201cMedidas de variabilidade e percep\u00e7\u00f5es intergrupais\u201d, Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa (unpublished manuscript)."},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","author":"Gerard, H."},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(79)90052-0"},{"key":"atypb24","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Social Comparison Processes: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives","author":"Goethals, G."},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01012.x"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.40.3.401"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.2.260"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.48.4.890"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Archives of Psychology","author":"Hyman, H."},{"key":"atypb30","first-page":"410","volume-title":"Readings in Social Psychology","author":"Kelley, H.","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb31","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Nebraska Symposium on Motivation","author":"Kelley, H."},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1989.tb00866.x"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"Variations in Value Orientations","author":"Kluckhohn, F."},{"key":"atypb34","first-page":"91","volume-title":"European Review of Social Psychology","author":"Leyens, J. Ph."},{"key":"atypb35","volume-title":"Annual Meeting on Risk Analysis and Management in a Global Economy","author":"Lima, L."},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"Tese de Licenciatura","author":"Lopes, D."},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1982.tb00510.x"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420220403"},{"key":"atypb39","first-page":"37","volume-title":"European Review of Social Psychology","author":"Marques, J."},{"key":"atypb40","volume-title":"Social Comparison: Contemporary Theory and Research","author":"Miller, N."},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420250305"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"Annual Conference of the Social Psychology Section of The British Psychological Society","author":"Monteiro, M."},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420180303"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/053901894033002002"},{"key":"atypb45","first-page":"539","volume-title":"Psychologie Sociale","author":"Moscovici, S."},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420120405"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420210304"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1988.tb00836.x"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(92)90040-Q"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.953"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420160205"},{"key":"atypb52","first-page":"211","volume-title":"European Review of Social Psychology","author":"Park, B."},{"key":"atypb53","unstructured":"Poeschel, G. (1994) \u201cCat\u00e9gorisation sociale et repr\u00e9sentations sociales de l'intelligence\u201d, Th\u00e8se de Doctorat, Facult\u00e9 de Psychologie de l'Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve."},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420190302"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(77)90049-X"},{"key":"atypb56","volume-title":"St\u00e9r\u00e9otypes et relations entre g\u00e9n\u00e9rations","author":"Roux, P."},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Social Interaction: Process and Products","author":"Sherif, M.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315129549"},{"key":"atypb58","volume-title":"The Robbers Cave Experiment, Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation","author":"Sherif, M."},{"key":"atypb59","first-page":"1","volume-title":"European Review of Social Psychology","author":"Simon, B."},{"key":"atypb60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.53.4.703"},{"key":"atypb61","first-page":"81","volume-title":"European Review of Social Psychology","author":"Spears, R."},{"key":"atypb62","first-page":"272","volume-title":"Introduction \u00e0 la psychologie sociale","author":"Tajfel, H."},{"key":"atypb63","volume-title":"Social Influence","author":"Turner, J."},{"key":"atypb64","volume-title":"Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory","author":"Turner, J."},{"key":"atypb65","first-page":"887","volume":"28","author":"Vala, J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Social"},{"key":"atypb66","volume-title":"Conduites et cognitions","author":"Vala, J."},{"key":"atypb67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420250202"},{"key":"atypb68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.35.5.279"},{"key":"atypb69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(77)90047-6"},{"key":"atypb70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01038988"},{"key":"atypb71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.6.1202"}],"container-title":["Social Science Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/053901898037003006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/053901898037003006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:55:06Z","timestamp":1777665306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/053901898037003006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/053901898037003006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/053901898037003006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0539-0184","1461-7412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0539-0184","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}}}