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Using 12-year longitudinal data from 1,026 participants in the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly, generalized estimating equation models revealed that US-born participants living with one other or two or more individuals had significantly higher odds of developing cognitive impairment than those living alone, whereas no significant association was observed among foreign-born participants, after adjusting for all covariates. These findings indicate that cognitive change over time for older adults in different living arrangements differs by nativity. 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