{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:15:51Z","timestamp":1773274551916,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Appl Gerontol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contact with blue spaces appears to benefit older adults\u2019 health and well-being, but evidence on its relationship with frailty is scarce. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between exposure to blue spaces and multidimensional frailty in 189 community-dwelling people aged \u226565\u00a0years (Portugal). Measurements included the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, questionnaire regarding exposure, and Geographic Information System data for proximity. Purposeful visits once or twice a month were associated with lower physical frailty, as were visits with pets, engaging in physical activity, and spending 1\u20132\u00a0hours or &gt;2\u00a0hours in these environments. Visiting with others was associated with lower social frailty. Incidental exposure\u2014passing by visible blue spaces during daily commutes\u2014was linked to lower total and physical frailty. Walking travel times &lt;20 minutes were associated with lower total, physical, and social frailty, with different distances within this range showing domain-specific associations. Results suggest blue spaces may promote healthy aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648261429150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T12:31:06Z","timestamp":1772022666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Association Between Exposure to Blue Spaces and Multidimensional Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7847-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto (MSc Student)"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto (MSc Student)"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit ITR, Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3139-2786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Barbosa-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Porto"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982161"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2019.1681379"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida D. Q. Barros H. Ribeiro A. I. (2022). Residential and school green and blue spaces and intelligence in children: The Generation XXI birth cohort. Science of the Total Environment 813 Article 151859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151859"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions to prevent pre-frailty and frailty progression in older adults: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Ap\u00f3stolo J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ap\u00f3stolo J., Cooke R., Bobrowicz-Campos E., Santana S., Marcucci M., Cano A., Vollenbroek-Hutten M., Germini F., D\u2019Avanzo B., Gwyther H., Holland C. (2018). Effectiveness of interventions to prevent pre-frailty and frailty progression in older adults: A systematic review. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 16(1), 140\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbisrir-2017-003382","journal-title":"JBI Evidence Synthesis"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astell-Burt T. Hartig T. Putra I. G. N. E. Walsan R. Dendup T. Feng X. (2022). Green space and loneliness: A systematic review with theoretical and methodological guidance for future research. Science of the Total Environment 847 Article 157521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157521"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916518774400"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-7-70"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/day103"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070675"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409529"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14493"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.10.5.750"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12373"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21040498"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw051"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dean A. J. Ross H. Roiko A. Fielding K. S. Saeck E. Johnston K. Beatson A. Udy J. Maxwell P. (2022). Beyond proximity: How subjective perceptions of enablers and constraints influence patterns of blue space recreation. Landscape and Urban Planning 228 Article 104557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2022.104557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2022.104557"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igac080"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120404354"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052486"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-010-0045-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S298191"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016188"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2009.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00632"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26892618.2022.2109792"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knight S. J. McClean C. J. White P. C. L. (2022). The importance of ecological quality of public green and blue spaces for subjective well-being. Landscape and Urban Planning 226 Article 104510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2022.104510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2022.104510"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-010-9296-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-019-00251-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082286"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-016-9641-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-176"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S92328"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01361-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-015-0276-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa219"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8398"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00075"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-021-00604-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paci\u00eancia I. Moreira A. Moreira C. Cavaleiro Rufo J. Sokhatska O. Rama T. Hoffimann E. Santos A. C. Barros H. Ribeiro A. I. (2021). Neighbourhood green and blue spaces and allergic sensitization in children: A longitudinal study based on repeated measures from the generation XXI cohort. Science of the Total Environment 772 Article 145394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145394"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_7_52_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Local park use and personal health among older adults: An exploratory study","volume":"23","author":"Payne L. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Payne L. L., Orsega-Smith E., Roy M., Godbey G. (2005). Local park use and personal health among older adults: An exploratory study. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 23(2), 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2011.00797.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20146355"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poulsen M. N. Nordberg C. M. Fiedler A. DeWalle J. Mercer D. Schwartz B. S. (2022). Factors associated with visiting freshwater blue space: The role of restoration and relations with mental health and well-being. Landscape and Urban Planning 217 Article 104282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2021.104282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2021.104282"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu Y. Li G. Wang X. Liu W. Li X. Yang Y. Wang L. Chen L. (2024). Prevalence of multidimensional frailty among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies 154 Article 104755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104755"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23748834.2024.2381965"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114130"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.722"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170878"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30215-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith N. Georgiou M. King A. C. Tieges Z. Webb S. Chastin S. (2021). Urban blue spaces and human health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative studies. Cities 119 Article 103413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2021.103413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2021.103413"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172200"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10114010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vert C. Carrasco-Turigas G. Zijlema W. Espinosa A. Cano-Riu L. Elliott L. R. Litt J. Nieuwenhuijsen M. J. Gascon M. (2019). Impact of a riverside accessibility intervention on use physical activity and wellbeing: A mixed methods pre-post evaluation. Landscape and Urban Planning 190 Article 103611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.103611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.103611"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L. Sani N. M. (2024). The impact of outdoor blue spaces on the health of the elderly: A systematic review. Health & Place 85 Article 103168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.103168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.103168"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White M. P. Elliott L. R. Gascon M. Roberts B. Fleming L. E. (2020). Blue space health and well-being: A narrative overview and synthesis of potential benefits. Environmental Research 191 Article 110169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110169"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87675-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01559-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_72_1","volume-title":"Assessing the value of urban green and blue spaces for health and well-being","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2023). Assessing the value of urban green and blue spaces for health and well-being. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-EURO-2023-7508-47275-69347"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin J. Ramanpong J. Chang J. Wu C.-D. Chao P.-H. Yu C.-P. (2023). Effects of blue space exposure in urban and natural environments on psychological and physiological responses: A within-subject experiment. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 87 Article 128066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2023.128066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2023.128066"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.002"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07334648261429150","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/07334648261429150","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07334648261429150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:50:13Z","timestamp":1773222613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/07334648261429150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/07334648261429150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07334648261429150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-4648","1552-4523"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-4648","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4523","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"article-number":"07334648261429150"}}