{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T10:01:03Z","timestamp":1773568863777,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Manag Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The construction industry is one of the biggest and most active sectors of the European Union (EU), consuming more raw materials and energy than any other economic activity. Furthermore, construction waste is the commonest waste produced in the EU. Current EU legislation sets out to implement construction and demolition waste (CDW) prevention and recycling measures. However it lacks tools to accelerate the development of a sector as bound by tradition as the building industry. The main objective of the present study was to determine indicators to estimate the amount of CDW generated on site both globally and by waste stream. CDW generation was estimated for six specific sectors: new residential construction, new non-residential construction, residential demolition, non-residential demolition, residential refurbishment, and non-residential refurbishment. The data needed to develop the indicators was collected through an exhaustive survey of previous international studies. The indicators determined suggest that the average composition of waste generated on site is mostly concrete and ceramic materials. Specifically for new residential and new non-residential construction the production of concrete waste in buildings with a reinforced concrete structure lies between 17.8 and 32.9 kg m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> and between 18.3 and 40.1 kg m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, respectively. For the residential and non-residential demolition sectors the production of this waste stream in buildings with a reinforced concrete structure varies from 492 to 840 kg m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> and from 401 to 768 kg\/m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, respectively. For the residential and non-residential refurbishment sectors the production of concrete waste in buildings lies between 18.9 and 45.9 kg\/m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> and between 18.9 and 191.2 kg\/m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>, respectively. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242x12471707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,12]],"date-time":"2013-01-12T03:29:46Z","timestamp":1357961386000},"page":"241-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Construction and demolition waste indicators"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"M\u00e1lia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon"}]},{"given":"Manuel Duarte","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0734242X12471707","volume-title":"Construction and Demolition Waste Management Pocket Guide","author":"3D\/International","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr2-0734242X12471707","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2006.01.004"},{"key":"bibr3-0734242X12471707","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jiec.2007.1149"},{"key":"bibr4-0734242X12471707","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9364(1996)122:1(55)"},{"key":"bibr5-0734242X12471707","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2006.03.023"},{"key":"bibr6-0734242X12471707","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X10370240"},{"key":"bibr7-0734242X12471707","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Fifth International Conference on the Environmental and Technical Implications of Construction with Alternative Materials \u2018WASCON 2003\u2019","author":"Costa U","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr8-0734242X12471707","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Overview of Deconstruction in Selected Countries","author":"Crowther P","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr9-0734242X12471707","unstructured":"Cype Ingenieros (2010) Generator prices for construction, Available at: http:\/\/www.geradordeprecos.info (accessed 20 September 2010)."},{"key":"bibr10-0734242X12471707","volume-title":"Service Contract on Management of Construction and Demolition Waste - SR1, Final Report","author":"European Commission","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr11-0734242X12471707","unstructured":"Eurostat, Environment and Energy (2009) Generation and treatment of waste, Available at: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/ (accessed 25 September 2010)."},{"key":"bibr12-0734242X12471707","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(03)00035-1"},{"key":"bibr13-0734242X12471707","volume-title":"Characterization of Building-related Construction and Demolition Debris in the United States","author":"Franklin Associates","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr14-0734242X12471707","unstructured":"Giancoli D (1998) Physics, Principles with Applications, 5th edition. 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