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In this study, chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), sodium borohydride as a reducing agent, and the biopolymer chitosan as a capping agent. The chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet\u2013visible, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscope. The antibacterial assay was performed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The antileishmanial and the cytotoxic effects induced by AgNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , chitosan, and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were analyzed by resazurin and MTT colorimetric assays, respectively. AgNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , chitosan, and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles induced a marked activity against all bacterial strains and promastigote forms of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.69 to 3.38\u2009\u00b5g Ag\/mL. Interestingly, the chitosan-based silver nanoparticles presented less cytotoxicity than the AgNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    alone and were more active against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    than solely chitosan. Furthermore, the cytotoxic concentrations (CC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of both chitosan and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles against macrophages were significantly higher than the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    against promastigotes. Thus, the chitosan-based silver nanoparticles represent a promising alternative for the treatment of microbial infections and leishmaniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0883911516681329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T01:53:35Z","timestamp":1485568415000},"page":"397-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Chitosan-based silver nanoparticles: A study of the antibacterial, antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Douglas dos Santos","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Parna\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Gullon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Cardelle-Cobas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lucas M","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Parna\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Klinger AF","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Patrick V","family":"Quelemes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Parna\u00edba, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Joilson","family":"Ramos-Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Parna\u00edba, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Daniel DR","family":"Arcanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Parna\u00edba, Brazil"},{"name":"Medicinal Plants Research Center (NPPM), Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Pl\u00e1cido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ISEP), Porto, 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