{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:11:17Z","timestamp":1761059477325,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this work, the mechanical behavior of polyhyroxyalkanoate (PHA)\/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends is investigated in a wide range of compositions. The mechanical properties can be optimized by varying the PHA contents of the blend. The flexural and tensile properties were estimated by different models: the rule of mixtures, Kerner\u2013Uemura\u2013Takayanagi (KUT) model, Nicolai\u2013Narkis model and B\u00e9la\u2013Puk\u00e1nsky model. This study was aimed at investigating the adhesion between the two material phases. The results anticipate a good adhesion between both phases. Nevertheless, for low levels of incorporation of PHA (up to 30%), where PLA is expectantly the matrix, the experimental data seem to deviate from the perfect adhesion models, suggesting a decrease in the adhesion between both polymeric phases when PHA is the disperse phase. For the tensile modulus, a linear relationship is found, following the rules of mixtures (or a KUT model with perfect adhesion between phases) denoting a good adhesion between the phases over the composition range. The incorporation of PHA in the blend leads to a decrease in the flexural modulus but, at the same time, increases the tensile modulus. The impact energy of the blends varies more than 157% over the entire composition. For blends with PHA weight fraction lower than 50%, the impact strength of the blend is higher than the pure base polymers. The highest synergetic effect is found when the PLA is the matrix and the PHA is the disperse phase for the blend PHA\/PLA of 30\/70. The second maximum is found for the inverse composition of 70\/30. PLA has a heat-deflection temperature (HDT) substantially lower than PHA. For the blends, the HDT increases with the increment in the percentage of the incorporation of PHA. With up to 50% PHA (PLA as matrix), the HDT is practically constant and equal to PLA value. Above this point (PHA matrix), the HDT of the polymer blends increases linearly with the percentage of addition of PHA. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0892705712475020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,16]],"date-time":"2013-02-16T04:11:45Z","timestamp":1360987905000},"page":"195-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mechanical characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate and poly(lactic acid) blends"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"NC","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"JL","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"JC","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer Engineering Department, IPC\/I3N \u2013 Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer Engineering Department, IPC\/I3N \u2013 Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0892705712475020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201000417"},{"key":"bibr2-0892705712475020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200400043"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of BIOPOL\u20192011 international conference on biodegradable and biobased polymers","year":"2011","author":"G\u00e9rard T","key":"bibr3-0892705712475020"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ENMEC\u20192010 Encontro Nacional de Materiais e Estruturas Comp\u00f3sitas","year":"2010","author":"Loureiro NC","key":"bibr4-0892705712475020"},{"key":"bibr5-0892705712475020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0892705712439571"},{"key":"bibr6-0892705712475020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0731684412447992"},{"key":"bibr7-0892705712475020","unstructured":"Baillie C. Green composites polymer composites and the environment. Boca Raton [etc.] Cambridge, UK: CRC Press Woodhead Publishing, 2004, p. 308."},{"key":"bibr8-0892705712475020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.29425"},{"key":"bibr9-0892705712475020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0892705711423291"},{"key":"bibr10-0892705712475020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma2030911"},{"key":"bibr11-0892705712475020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.200300093"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0892705712475020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0892705712475020","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0892705712475020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T01:28:09Z","timestamp":1740792489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0892705712475020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0892705712475020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0892705712475020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-7057","1530-7980"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0892-7057"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-7980"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]]}}}