{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:07:51Z","timestamp":1776701271426,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educational Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article examines the Bologna Process to explore some of issues that Euroland faces in its bid to construct the European Higher Education Area. However, the author\u2019s purpose lies elsewhere\u2014namely, to lay bare some of the assumptions beneath the various major systems of higher education in Western Europe. The article examines some of the tensions certain assumptions have created in the ongoing saga of reconstruction, particularly those that relate to one of the basic issues in higher education: namely, the community to which the university is answerable and how it is answerable. Finally, this article examines changes between higher education and its referential community in Western Europe in terms of the Bologna Declaration. In place of the monolithic, territorially defined referential community\u2014the nation-state\u2014that evolved over the past 190 years or more, the power both of a superordinate community and of subnational units is growing. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0895904802239290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,28]],"date-time":"2003-04-28T10:30:40Z","timestamp":1051525840000},"page":"141-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["The Bologna Declaration: Some of the Historic Dilemmas Posed by the Reconstruction of the Community in Europe\u2019s Systems of Higher Education"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Guy","family":"Neave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Amaral, A. (2001, February 8-10). Towards accreditation schemes for higher education in Europe? 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Berkeley: University of California Press."},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Cobban, A. B. (1992). Universities 1100-1500. In B. Clark & G. Neave (Eds.), Encyclopedia of higher education: Vol. 2. Analytical perspectives (pp. 1245-1250). Oxford: Pergamon."},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Commission of the European Communities. (2001). Document DGIV\/ED\/EDU\/HE. Bruxelles: Directorate General IV of the Commission of the European Communities."},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Coombes, P. & Perkins, J. A. (1989). La reforma universitaria espa\u00f1ola: Evaluaci\u00f3n e informe. In R. Diez-Hochleitner (Ed.), La Educaci\u00f3n postsecundaria (pp. 9-57). Madrid, Spain: Fundaci\u00f3n Santillana."},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"DeWit, K. & Verhoeven, J. (2001). The higher education policy of the European Union: With or against the Member States? In J. Huisman, P. A. M. Maassen, & G. Neave (Eds.), Higher education and the nation state (pp. 175-233). 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