{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:46:40Z","timestamp":1777924000464,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia of Portugal","award":["LAETA - UID\/EMS\/50022\/2013 and PDTC\/EMS-TEC\/0626\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LAETA - UID\/EMS\/50022\/2013 and PDTC\/EMS-TEC\/0626\/2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents new joining-by-forming processes to assemble longitudinally two metal\u2013polymer sandwich composite panels perpendicular to one another. Process design draws from an earlier development of the authors for metal sheets to new concepts based on the combination of sheet-bulk forming with mortise-and-tenon joints. Selected examples obtained from experimentation and finite element modelling give support to the presentation. A new three-stage joining by the forming process is capable of producing mechanically locked joints with larger and stiffer flat-shaped heads than those fabricated by alternative single- or two-stage solutions. Failure in the new three-stage joining by the forming process is found to take place by cracking instead of disassembling after unbending the flat-shaped head of the joint back to its original shape. The required forming forces to produce the new metal\u2013polymer joints are below 15\u2009kN, allowing them to be an effective, easy-to-implement alternative to existing solutions based on adhesive bonding, welding and mechanical fastening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954405418815386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,24]],"date-time":"2018-11-24T01:04:26Z","timestamp":1543021466000},"page":"2089-2098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Joining by forming of metal\u2013polymer sandwich composite panels"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o PM","family":"Pragana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s RM","family":"Contreiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivo MF","family":"Bragan\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI-MOSM, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa(ISEL), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos MA","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luis M","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo AF","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0954405418815386","volume-title":"The project ThyssenKrupp InCar plus (ATZ 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