{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:50:04Z","timestamp":1777927804440,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a method is presented for the calculation of the vibration created in buildings by the operation of underground railways. The method is based on the sub-modelling approach which is used to couple a model of a building on a piled foundation to another model that calculates the vibration generated in the soil in underground railway tunnels. The method couples a building on a piled foundation to the soil at discrete points by satisfying equilibrium and compatibility requirements at those points. The method results in efficient numerical calculations. A two-dimensional frame made of beam elements is used to model the building and its piled foundation. The elements are formulated using a dynamic stiffness matrix which accounts for Euler\u2013Bernoulli bending and axial behaviour. Vibrations created by a train moving in an underground tunnel are calculated using the well-known pipe-in-pipe (PiP) model. The model calculates the power spectral density (PSD) of the displacement in the soil. The excitation mechanism is the roughness of the rail and the PSD is calculated for a train moving on a floating-slab track in an underground railway tunnel for a stationary process. The current version of PiP accounts for a tunnel embedded in a half-space. The building frame is coupled in this paper at 90\u00b0 to the tunnel\u2019s centreline. The main result of this paper illustrates the significant contribution of the building\u2019s dynamics to the displacement wave field received by the building. The example presented in this paper shows a decrease of more than 20\u2009dB in the displacement PSDs at frequencies larger than 10 Hz when accounting for the change in this wave field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954409713511449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T21:54:06Z","timestamp":1385589246000},"page":"303-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The use of sub-modelling technique to calculate vibration in buildings from underground railways"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, UK"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK"}]},{"given":"Pedro Alves","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsvi.1996.0260"},{"key":"bibr2-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2005.1450"},{"key":"bibr3-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2005.08.040"},{"key":"bibr4-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1260\/026309203322770338"},{"key":"bibr5-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2004.04.010"},{"key":"bibr6-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2005.12.023"},{"key":"bibr7-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/095440703770383875"},{"key":"bibr8-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74893-9_19"},{"key":"bibr9-0954409713511449","unstructured":"Kuo KA, Jones S, Hunt HEM and Hussein MFM. Applications of PiP: vibration of embedded foundations near a railway tunnel. In:\n                      The seventh European conference on structural dynamics\n                      , Southampton, UK, 7\u20139 July 2008."},{"key":"bibr10-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954409711433686"},{"key":"bibr11-0954409713511449","volume-title":"An introduction to random vibrations, spectral and wavelet analysis","author":"Newland DE","year":"1975"},{"key":"bibr12-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2005.12.032"},{"key":"bibr13-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2005.12.031"},{"key":"bibr14-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2007.03.068"},{"key":"bibr15-0954409713511449","unstructured":"Hussein MFM, Gupta S, Hunt HEM, et\u00a0al. An efficient model for calculating vibration from a railway tunnel embedded in a half-space. In:\n                      The 13th international congress on sound and vibration (ICSV13)\n                      , Vienna, Austria, 2\u20136 July 2006."},{"key":"bibr16-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2006.03.026"},{"key":"bibr17-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/095440603322310404"},{"key":"bibr18-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0430010017","volume":"43","author":"Haskell NA","year":"1953","journal-title":"Bull Seismological Soc Am"},{"key":"bibr19-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1699629"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr20-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0710061743","volume":"71","author":"Kausel E","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull Seismological Soc Am"},{"key":"bibr21-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:10(1093)"},{"key":"bibr22-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.1620230811"},{"key":"bibr23-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2003.12.002"},{"key":"bibr24-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.1620370604"},{"key":"bibr25-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.3246"},{"key":"bibr26-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2011.12.006"},{"key":"bibr27-0954409713511449","volume-title":"An explicit solution for the Green\u2019s functions for dynamic loads in layered media. MIT Research Report R81-13","author":"Kausel E","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr28-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7683(98)00262-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr29-0954409713511449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0720051459","volume":"72","author":"Kausel E","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull Seismological Soc Am"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0954409713511449","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0954409713511449","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0954409713511449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:54:25Z","timestamp":1777676065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0954409713511449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0954409713511449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0954409713511449","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4097","2041-3017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4097","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3017","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]]}}}