{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:18:39Z","timestamp":1767665919372,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]],"date-time":"2012-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Mechanisms associated with energy expenditure during gait have been extensively researched and studied. According to the double-inverted pendulum model energy expenditure is higher during double support, as lower limbs need to work to redirect the centre of mass velocity. This study looks into how the ground reaction force of one limb affects the muscle activity required by the medial gastrocnemius of the contralateral limb during step-to-step transition. Thirty-five subjects were monitored as to the medial gastrocnemius electromyographic activity of one limb and the ground reaction force of the contralateral limb during double support. After determination of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), a moderate correlation was observed between the medial gastrocnemius electromyographic activity of the dominant leg and the vertical (Fz) and anteroposterior (Fy) components of ground reaction force of the non-dominant leg (r\u2009=\u20090.797, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; r\u2009=\u2009\u20130.807, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). A weak and moderate correlation was observed between the medial gastrocnemius electromyographic activity of the non-dominant leg and the Fz and Fy of the dominant leg, respectively (r\u2009=\u20090.442, p\u2009=\u20090.018; r\u2009=\u2009\u20130.684 p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The results obtained suggest that during double support, ground reaction force is associated with the electromyographic activity of the contralateral medial gastrocnemius and that there is an increased dependence between the ground reaction force of the non-dominant leg and the electromyographic activity of the dominant medial gastrocnemius. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411912439671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,10]],"date-time":"2012-03-10T05:41:07Z","timestamp":1331358067000},"page":"397-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Analysis of ground reaction force and electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle during double support"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Andreia SP","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Cient\u00edfica de Fisioterapia, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Actividade Humana, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade do Porto, Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Gest\u00e3o Industrial, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rubim","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Actividade Humana, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade do Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco PM","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Gest\u00e3o Industrial, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Estudos de Movimento e Actividade Humana, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade do Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Manuel RS","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Gest\u00e3o Industrial, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195335030-00003"},{"key":"bibr2-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011866"},{"key":"bibr3-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1966.21.1.271"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr4-0954411912439671","first-page":"207","volume":"9","author":"Waters L","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurophysiology"},{"key":"bibr5-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00169-5"},{"key":"bibr6-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200504000-00006"},{"key":"bibr7-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2007.04.003"},{"key":"bibr8-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021539"},{"key":"bibr9-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2008.915449"},{"key":"bibr10-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00944.2002"},{"key":"bibr11-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00479.2001"},{"key":"bibr12-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.23.3717"},{"key":"bibr13-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1427703"},{"key":"bibr14-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02783649922066655"},{"key":"bibr15-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(03)00062-6"},{"key":"bibr16-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.08.017"},{"key":"bibr17-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00105-1"},{"key":"bibr18-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181a38fb1"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr19-0954411912439671","first-page":"251","volume":"41","author":"Shultz S","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Athletic Training"},{"key":"bibr20-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198305000-00021","volume":"175","author":"Winter A","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Ortho"},{"key":"bibr21-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2009.05.001"},{"key":"bibr22-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.1.33"},{"key":"bibr23-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02229-4"},{"key":"bibr24-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015492"},{"key":"bibr25-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)91233-3"},{"key":"bibr26-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.3.965"},{"key":"bibr27-0954411912439671","first-page":"A3","volume-title":"In: 7th edition of Progress in Motor Control (PMC 2009)","author":"Stubbs P","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr28-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.2.1112"},{"key":"bibr29-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016794"},{"key":"bibr30-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1361"},{"key":"bibr31-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.130088"},{"key":"bibr32-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.3.1009"},{"key":"bibr33-0954411912439671","volume-title":"Biomechanics and motor control of human movement","author":"Winter A","year":"1990","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr34-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/72.11.810"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr35-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977198618133135","volume":"18","author":"Arsenault A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Rehab Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr36-0954411912439671","volume-title":"Int J Exercise Sci","volume":"2","author":"Ferro E"},{"key":"bibr37-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062030-00005"},{"key":"bibr38-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00670.2002"},{"key":"bibr39-0954411912439671","volume-title":"Muscles alive, their function revealed by electromyography","author":"Basmajian J","year":"1985","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr40-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/73.10.698"},{"key":"bibr41-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4"},{"key":"bibr42-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000394062"},{"key":"bibr43-0954411912439671","volume-title":"Joint structure and function. a comprehensive analysis","author":"Norkin C","year":"1992","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr44-0954411912439671","volume-title":"Gait analysis: an introduction","volume":"1","author":"Whitle M","year":"2007","edition":"4"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr45-0954411912439671","first-page":"126","volume":"6","author":"James R","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"first-page":"147","volume-title":"North American Congress on Biomechanics (NACOB 98)","author":"Oggero E","key":"bibr46-0954411912439671"},{"key":"bibr47-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1997.26.5.266"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr48-0954411912439671","first-page":"13","volume":"24","author":"Shiavi R","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Rehab Res Dev"},{"key":"bibr49-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00969.2000"},{"volume-title":"Measurement of human locomotion","year":"2001","author":"Medved V","key":"bibr50-0954411912439671"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr51-0954411912439671","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Brown L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Official J Am Soc Exercise Physiologists"},{"key":"bibr52-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.22.3.230"},{"key":"bibr53-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2003.07.002"},{"key":"bibr54-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00206-5"},{"key":"bibr55-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404101317015410"},{"key":"bibr56-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860040-00006"},{"key":"bibr57-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1953.0027"},{"first-page":"645","volume-title":"ISB XXth Congress - ASB 29th Annual Meeting","author":"Doke J","key":"bibr58-0954411912439671"},{"key":"bibr59-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00069-3"},{"volume-title":"The biomechanics and motor control of human gait: normal, elthery and pathological","year":"1991","author":"Winter A","key":"bibr60-0954411912439671"},{"key":"bibr61-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(00)00070-9"},{"key":"bibr62-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010369"},{"key":"bibr63-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.174.4010.709"},{"key":"bibr64-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091990303"},{"key":"bibr65-0954411912439671","first-page":"35","volume":"17","author":"Bonnet M","year":"1976","journal-title":"Agressologie"},{"key":"bibr66-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0892"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr67-0954411912439671","first-page":"34","volume":"577","author":"Rybak I","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Physiology"},{"key":"bibr68-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.02.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr69-0954411912439671","first-page":"353","volume":"73","author":"DuChatinier K","year":"1970","journal-title":"Anatomy"},{"key":"bibr70-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1537\/ase1911.87.81"},{"key":"bibr71-0954411912439671","first-page":"32","volume":"6","author":"Hirasawa Y","year":"1981","journal-title":"Saiensu"},{"key":"bibr72-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(80)80069-4"},{"key":"bibr73-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.179"},{"key":"bibr74-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1989.68.2.675"},{"key":"bibr75-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80144-X"},{"key":"bibr76-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677809005754"},{"key":"bibr77-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000147942"},{"key":"bibr78-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0967-3"},{"key":"bibr79-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2008.04.013"},{"key":"bibr80-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.201806"},{"key":"bibr81-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000143535"},{"key":"bibr82-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.364516"},{"key":"bibr83-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(03)00071-7"},{"key":"bibr84-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.057174"},{"key":"bibr85-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-6362(93)90043-Z"},{"key":"bibr86-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.1.15"},{"key":"bibr87-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(95)00068-2"},{"key":"bibr88-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(98)00112-0"},{"key":"bibr89-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1997.25.4.236"},{"key":"bibr90-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00140-0"},{"key":"bibr91-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.12.015"},{"key":"bibr92-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0762-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr93-0954411912439671","first-page":"53","volume":"11","author":"Winiarski S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Bioengng Biomech"},{"key":"bibr94-0954411912439671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2010.11.001"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0954411912439671","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0954411912439671","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0954411912439671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T04:38:59Z","timestamp":1740890339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0954411912439671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0954411912439671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0954411912439671","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4119","2041-3033"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0954-4119"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2041-3033"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]]}}}