{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:33:35Z","timestamp":1777926815565,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The mechanical characteristics of the female pelvic floor are relevant when explaining pelvic dysfunction. The decreased elasticity of the tissue often causes inability to maintain urethral position, also leading to vaginal and rectal descend when coughing or defecating as a response to an increase in the internal abdominal pressure. These conditions can be associated with changes in the mechanical properties of the supportive structures\u2014namely, the pelvic floor muscles\u2014including impairment. In this work, we used an inverse finite element analysis to calculate the material constants for the passive mechanical behavior of the pelvic floor muscles. The numerical model of the pelvic floor muscles and bones was built from magnetic resonance axial images acquired at rest. Muscle deformation, simulating the Valsalva maneuver with a pressure of 4\u2009KPa, was compared with the muscle displacement obtained through additional dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. The difference in displacement was of 0.15\u2009mm in the antero-posterior direction and 3.69\u2009mm in the supero-inferior direction, equating to a percentage error of 7.0% and 16.9%, respectively. We obtained the shortest difference in the displacements using an iterative process that reached the material constants for the Mooney\u2013Rivlin constitutive model ( c\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    =11.8\u2009KPa and c\n                    <jats:sub>20<\/jats:sub>\n                    =5.53\u2009 E\u221202\u2009KPa). For each iteration, the orthogonal distance between each node from the group of nodes which defined the puborectal muscle in the numerical model versus dynamic magnetic resonance imaging was computed. With the methodology used in this work, it was possible to obtain in vivo biomechanical properties of the pelvic floor muscles for a specific subject using input information acquired non-invasively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411916630571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T21:53:44Z","timestamp":1455227624000},"page":"298-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Establishing the biomechanical properties of the pelvic soft tissues through an inverse finite element analysis using magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"MET","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o\u2014EPE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"MPL","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o\u2014EPE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"RM","family":"Natal Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 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