{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:35:50Z","timestamp":1772847350652,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT, through INEGI, under LAETA, project UIDP\/500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT, through INEGI, under LAETA, project UIDP\/500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.00640.BD project PRECOGFIL-PTDC\/EMD-EMD\/2229\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.00640.BD project PRECOGFIL-PTDC\/EMD-EMD\/2229\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT, through INEGI, under LAETA, project LA\/P\/0079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT, through INEGI, under LAETA, project LA\/P\/0079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT, through INEGI, under LAETA, project UIDB\/5002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT, through INEGI, under LAETA, project UIDB\/5002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Stimulus of Scientific Employment 2021.00077.CEECI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Stimulus of Scientific Employment 2021.00077.CEECI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a prevalent pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) that significantly impacts women\u2019s quality of life, driving the need for innovative and less invasive treatment options. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment for POP; however, it is often associated with high invasiveness, substantial risks, and a notable rate of failure. In this study, we investigate the potential of biodegradable cog threads, commonly used in cosmetic facial lifting, as an alternative surgical solution for reinforcing vaginal wall defects. Specifically, we evaluate the performance of commercially available 360\u00b0 4D barb threads made of polycaprolactone (PCL) under simulated physiological conditions. The degradation and mechanical properties of the threads were analyzed after immersion in Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) and Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP) for periods of 90 and 180\u2009days, with comparisons to a control group. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed mild to moderate degradation of the threads over 180\u2009days in both mediums. Tensile strength tests indicated a reduction in maximum load-bearing capacity, with declines of 13% to 19%, more pronounced in the PBS medium. Despite this, cyclic tests demonstrated that the threads retained sufficient mechanical integrity to endure 100 loading cycles across all conditions, suggesting their durability under repetitive stress. These preliminary in vitro findings highlight the potential of biodegradable cog threads as a promising material for developing a novel, minimally invasive technique for POP correction. The threads\u2019 ability to maintain mechanical strength despite degradation supports their viability for long-term pelvic floor reinforcement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09544119251343371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T02:26:59Z","timestamp":1751941619000},"page":"687-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biomechanical evaluation of biodegradable PCL cog threads for prolapse rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0569-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, INEGI, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1059-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ab\u00edlio Manuel Pinho","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Colette","family":"Maur\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, CECA-ICETA, All4Animals, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRSP, Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Augusto","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Elisabete Teixeira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA, INEGI, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809880-6.00070-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2169-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/275621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","article-title":"Pelvic floor dysfunction after hysterectomy: moving the investigation forward","volume":"13","author":"Chen V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen V, Shackelford L, Spain M. Pelvic floor dysfunction after hysterectomy: moving the investigation forward. Cureus 2021; 13: e15661.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0459-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1215-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2413-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f73729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.975829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"FDA takes action to protect womens health, orders manufacturers of surgical mesh intended for transvaginal repair of pelvic organ prolapse to stop selling all devices","author":"FDA","year":"2019","unstructured":"FDA. FDA takes action to protect womens health, orders manufacturers of surgical mesh intended for transvaginal repair of pelvic organ prolapse to stop selling all devices. FDA, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2846-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1985-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.01.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","volume-title":"Prepared for obstetrics and gynecology devices panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee: transvaginal mesh for anterior prolapse repair: uphold LITE vaginal support system (P180018) and xenform Soft Tissue Repair System (P180021)","author":"Boston Scientific Corporation","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boston Scientific Corporation. Prepared for obstetrics and gynecology devices panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee: transvaginal mesh for anterior prolapse repair: uphold LITE vaginal support system (P180018) and xenform Soft Tissue Repair System (P180021). Boston, MA: Boston Scientific Corporation, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2480-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.54687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14219670"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.56408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EC-12-2023-0967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2021.0010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2022.104101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/surgeries3020012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00569-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S229054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaf001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.64098-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","volume-title":"Estimation of biological activity of medical products","author":"10993 \u20132011, ISO","unstructured":"10993 \u20132011, ISO. Estimation of biological activity of medical products. ISO, ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","volume-title":"Phosphate buffered saline","author":"Sigma-Aldrich","unstructured":"Sigma-Aldrich. Phosphate buffered saline. Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1996.tb00806.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","volume-title":"Buffer tablets pH 4.0","author":"Sigma-Aldrich","unstructured":"Sigma-Aldrich. Buffer tablets pH 4.0. Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202400255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9110887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"855","article-title":"Electrospun fiber membranes enable proliferation of genetically modified cells","volume":"8","author":"Borjigin M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borjigin M, Eskridge C, Niamat R, et al. Electrospun fiber membranes enable proliferation of genetically modified cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8: 855\u2013864.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"The use of barbed sutures in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"3","author":"Greenberg JA.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Greenberg JA. The use of barbed sutures in obstetrics and gynecology. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2010; 3: 82\u201391.","journal-title":"Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.012"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09544119251343371","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09544119251343371","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09544119251343371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T01:13:52Z","timestamp":1753406032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09544119251343371"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09544119251343371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09544119251343371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4119","2041-3033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4119","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3033","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}}}