{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:36:06Z","timestamp":1777926966038,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.54499\/UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.54499\/UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc Inst Mech Eng H"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Augmented techniques in the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) have emerged to treat large asymmetric glenoid bone defects and restore shoulder function. However, whether metallic wedge-augmented (W-AUG-rTSA) and angled bony increased-offset (angled BIO-rTSA) rTSA techniques provide equivalent implant fixation remains unclear. This study aimed to directly compare the initial fixation of W-AUG-rTSA and angled BIO-rTSA in a 15\u00b0 retroverted glenoid, while also assessing the impact of graft stiffness and the number of peripheral screws. Finite element models were developed considering compressive and inferior-to-superior shear loads. Micromotions at the bone-implant interface were compared between the techniques, considering variations in the number of peripheral screws (2 vs 4) and graft stiffness in the angled BIO-rTSA (96\u2009MPa and 1.3\u2009GPa to simulate different bone qualities, and 2.5\u2009GPa to simulate a porous metal wedge as used in the W-AUG-rTSA). The W-AUG-rTSA and angled BIO-rTSA achieved, respectively, maximum micromotions of 63.5\u2009\u00b5m and 47.4\u201365.0\u2009\u00b5m (depending on graft stiffness). Assuming a bone ingrowth threshold of 50\u2009\u00b5m, 9% and 0%\u20134% of the bone-implant interface exceeded this threshold for the W-AUG-rTSA and angled BIO-rTSA techniques, respectively, when 4 peripheral screws were used. These results suggest that both augmentation techniques can likely achieve good initial fixation under this screw configuration. Although changes in graft stiffness affected the micromotion distribution in the angled BIO-rTSA, their overall impact on initial fixation was limited. Reducing the number of peripheral screws to 2 resulted in a substantial increase in interface nodes exceeding the 50\u2009\u00b5m threshold in both techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09544119251356213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T14:58:35Z","timestamp":1753369115000},"page":"766-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Initial fixation of metallic wedge-augmented versus angled BIO reverse shoulder arthroplasty techniques: A finite element study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9034-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Quental","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Folgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sart.2020.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sart.2022.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","article-title":"Bone grafting the glenoid vs use of augmented glenoid baseplates with reverse shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"73","author":"Jones RB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones RB, Wright TW, Roche C. Bone grafting the glenoid vs use of augmented glenoid baseplates with reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Bull Hosp Joint Dis 2015; 73: S129\u2013S135.","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Joint Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","article-title":"The impact of posterior wear on reverse shoulder glenoid fixation","volume":"73","author":"Friedman R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friedman R, Stroud N, Glattke K, et al. The impact of posterior wear on reverse shoulder glenoid fixation. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 2015; 73: S15\u2013S20.","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Jt Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boileau P Moineau G Roussanne Y et al. Bony increased-offset reversed shoulder arthroplasty minimizing scapular impingement while maximizing glenoid fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469(9): 2558\u20132567.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1775-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Biologic graft augmentation for glenoid bone loss in conversion of failed anatomic to reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Fliegel BE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fliegel BE, DeBernardis D, Ford E, et al. Biologic graft augmentation for glenoid bone loss in conversion of failed anatomic to reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review. 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