{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:32:20Z","timestamp":1777681940539,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00ea\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The post-World War II international mental health movement placed significant emphasis on the concept of the \u2018social environment\u2019, a true paradigm shift in thinking about the causes of mental illness. Rather than focusing on individual risk factors, experts and policy-makers began to consider the interplay between social context and mental health and illness. Also, during this period, quantification gained prominence within the expanding field of Western psychiatry. Eventually, the concept of the \u2018social\u2019 became fragmented into quantifiable social determinants that could be correlated with mental illness and subjected to systematic neutralization. This trajectory paved the way for the prevailing biomedical psychiatric epidemiology. This broader inquiry challenges us to redefine our understanding of the \u2018social\u2019 in the context of mental health research and practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x231210924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T05:56:50Z","timestamp":1703829410000},"page":"85-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The \u2018social\u2019 in psychiatry and mental health: quantification, mental illness and society in international scientific networks (1920s\u20131950s)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tiago Pires","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0957154X231210924","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Deuxi\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s International d\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Mentale. 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