{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:00:39Z","timestamp":1777615239905,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Feminism &amp; Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/0959-353506060818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,19]],"date-time":"2005-12-19T06:26:06Z","timestamp":1134973566000},"page":"35-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["IV. Men as Individuals, Women as a Sexed Category: Implications of Symbolic                Asymmetry for Feminist Practice and Feminist Psychology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Am\u00e2ncio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Organisational Psychology of ISCTE in Lisbon,"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Manuel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Organisational Psychology, ISCTE in Lisbon\r                        (Portugal),"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089124390004002002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420190102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02134748.1993.10821677"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Masculino e Feminino. A\n                    Constru\u00e7\u00e3o Social da Diferen\u00e7a(Masculine and\n                    Feminine: A Social Construction of Difference)","author":"Am\u00e2ncio, L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Am\u00e2ncio, L. (1994) Masculino e Feminino. A Constru\u00e7\u00e3o Social da Diferen\u00e7a(Masculine and Feminine: A Social Construction of Difference) (2nd edition 1998). Porto: Afrontamento .","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Gender, Management and Science","author":"Am\u00e2ncio, L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Am\u00e2ncio, L. (1995) \u2018Gender, Social Identity and Social Change\u2019, in L. Am\u00e2ncio and C. Nogueira (eds) Gender, Management and Science,pp. 33-42. Braga: Universidade do Minho, Instituto de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Psicologia ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10848779608579519"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"\u2018The Importance of Being Male: Ideology and Context in Gender Identities\u2019","volume":"10","author":"Am\u00e2ncio, L.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Am\u00e2ncio, L. (1997) \u2018The Importance of Being Male: Ideology and Context in Gender Identities\u2019 , Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale\/International Review of Social Psychology 10(2) (special issue on Sex, Gender and Power): 79-94 .","journal-title":"Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale\/International Review of Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1386\/pjss.1.3.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"188","volume-title":"The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations","author":"Apfelbaum, E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Apfelbaum, E. (1979) \u2018Relations of Domination and Movements for Liberation: An Analysis of Power between Groups\u2019, in W. G. Austin and S. Worchel (eds.) The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, pp. 188-204. Monterey, CA: Brooks\/Cole ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Social Psychology and Intergroup Relations","author":"Billig, M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Billig, M. (1976) Social Psychology and Intergroup Relations. London: Academic Press ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959353599009003004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Gender","author":"Connell, R.W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Connell, R.W. (2002) Gender. Cambridge: Polity Press ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Women and Gender. A Feminist Psychology","author":"Crawford, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Crawford, M. and Unger, R. (2000) Women and Gender. A Feminist Psychology (3rd edition). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill .","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Social Identity and Intergroup Relations","author":"Deschamps, J.-C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Deschamps, J.-C. (1982) \u2018Social Identity and Relations of Power between Groups\u2019, in H. Tajfel (ed.) Social Identity and Intergroup Relations, pp. 85-98. London\/Paris: Cambridge University Press\/Maison des Sciences de l\u2019Homme ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Levels of Explanation in Social Psychology","author":"Doise, W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Doise, W. (1986) Levels of Explanation in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420180202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Backlash: The Undeclared War against American\n                Women","author":"Faludi, S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Faludi, S. (1991) Backlash: The Undeclared War against American Women. New York: Anchor Books ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Muse de la Raison: D\u00e9mocratie et Exclusion\n                    des Femmes (Muse of Reason: Democracy and Exclusion of Women)","author":"Fraisse, G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fraisse, G. (1995) Muse de la Raison: D\u00e9mocratie et Exclusion des Femmes (Muse of Reason: Democracy and Exclusion of Women). Paris: Gallimard ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Les femmes et leur histoire (Women and their\n                history)","author":"Fraisse, G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fraisse, G. (1998) Les femmes et leur histoire (Women and their history). Paris: Gallimard ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Sexe, Race et\n                    Pratique du Pouvoir. L\u2019 Id\u00e9e de Nature","author":"Guillaumin, C.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Guillaumin, C. (1992a[1978]) \u2018Pratique du Pouvoir et l\u2019Id\u00e9e de Nature\u2019 (The Practice of Power and the Idea of Nature), pp. 13-82 in Sexe, Race et Pratique du Pouvoir. L\u2019 Id\u00e9e de Nature, Paris: C\u00f4t\u00e9-Femmes ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","volume-title":"Qu\u00e9stions\n                F\u00e9ministes","year":"1978","unstructured":"Reprint of the article published in Qu\u00e9stions F\u00e9ministes 2\/3, February and May 1978."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Sexe, Race et Pratique du Pouvoir. L\u2019\n                    Id\u00e9e de Nature","author":"Guillaumin, C.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Guillaumin, C. (1992b[1979]) \u2018Question de diff\u00e9rence\u2019 (A Question of Difference), pp. 83-106 in Sexe, Race et Pratique du Pouvoir. L\u2019 Id\u00e9e de Nature, Paris: C\u00f4t\u00e9-Femmes ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","volume-title":"Qu\u00e9stions\n                F\u00e9ministes","year":"1979","unstructured":"Reprint of the article published in Qu\u00e9stions F\u00e9ministes 6, September 1979."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959353599009003005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Making a Difference. Psychology and the Construction of\n                Gender","author":"Hare-Mustin, R.T.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hare-Mustin, R.T. and Marecek, J. (1990) \u2018On Making a Difference\u2019, in R.T. Hare-Mustin and J. Marecek (eds) Making a Difference. Psychology and the Construction of Gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Contemporary Western European Feminism","author":"Kaplan, G.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kaplan, G. (1992) Contemporary Western European Feminism. North Sydney: Allen & Unwin ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Deconstructing Social Psychology","author":"Kitzinger, C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kitzinger, C. (1990) \u2018The Rhetoric of Pseudoscience\u2019, in I. Parker and J. Shotter (eds) Deconstructing Social Psychology, pp. 61-75. London: Routledge ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Making Sex, Body and Gender from the Greeks to\n                Freud","author":"Laqueur, T.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Laqueur, T. (1990) Making Sex, Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Individus Dominants et Groupes Domin\u00e9s:\n                    Images Masculines et F\u00e9minines (Dominant Individuals and Dominated\n                    Groups: Masculine and Feminine Images)","author":"Lorenzi-Cioldi, F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. (1988) Individus Dominants et Groupes Domin\u00e9s: Images Masculines et F\u00e9minines (Dominant Individuals and Dominated Groups: Masculine and Feminine Images). Grenoble: PUG ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Um Novo Olhar Sobre as Rela\u00e7\u00f5es\n                    Sociais de G\u00e9nero: Feminismo e Perspectivas Cr\u00edticas na\n                    Psicologia Social (A New Look on Gender Social Relations: Feminism and Critical\n                    Perspectives in Social Psychology)","author":"Nogueira, C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nogueira, C. (2001) Um Novo Olhar Sobre as Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Sociais de G\u00e9nero: Feminismo e Perspectivas Cr\u00edticas na Psicologia Social (A New Look on Gender Social Relations: Feminism and Critical Perspectives in Social Psychology). Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Gender, Management and Science","author":"Nogueira, C.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nogueira, C. , Pa\u00fal, C. and Am\u00e2ncio, L. (1995) \u2018Women in Management in Portugal: A Demographic Overview\u2019, in L. Am\u00e2ncio and C. Nogueira (eds), Gender, Management and Science, pp. 207-218. Braga: Universidade do Minho, Instituto de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Psicologia ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"\u2018Liberdades Condicionais: O Conceito de Papel Sexual\n                        Revisitado\u2019 (Conditional Liberties: The Concept of Sex Role Revisited)","volume":"40","author":"Oliveira, J.M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oliveira, J.M. and Am\u00e2ncio, L. (2002) \u2018Liberdades Condicionais: O Conceito de Papel Sexual Revisitado\u2019 (Conditional Liberties: The Concept of Sex Role Revisited) , Sociologia - Problemas e Pr\u00e1ticas 40: 45-61 .","journal-title":"Sociologia - Problemas e Pr\u00e1ticas"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"\u2018Avant-propos\u2019 (Foreword)","volume":"10","author":"Pichevin, M.-F.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pichevin, M.-F. and Hurtig, M.-C. (1997) \u2018Avant-propos\u2019 (Foreword) , Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale\/International Review of Social Psychology 10(2) (special issue on Sex, Gender and Power): 7-10 .","journal-title":"Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale\/International Review of Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Rodrigues F. (2001) G\u00e9nero e Pol\u00edtica Organizacional (Gender and Organizational Politics) unpublished Master\u2019s thesis in Social and Organizational Psychology ISCTE."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Santos M.H. (2004) \u2018G\u00e9nero e Pol\u00edtica: Uma An\u00e1lise Psicossociol\u00f3gica das Reac\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0s Ac\u00e7\u00f5es Positivas\u2019 (Gender and Politics: A Social Psychological Analysis of the Reactions towards Positive Actions) unpublished Master\u2019s thesis in Social and Organizational Psychology ISCTE."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674043381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Gender and the Politics of History","author":"Scott, Joan W.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Scott, Joan W. (1999) Gender and the Politics of History (revised edition). New York: Columbia University Press ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations","author":"Tajfel, H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Tajfel, H. and Turner, J. (1979) \u2018An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict\u2019, in W.G. Austin and S. Worchel (eds) The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, pp. 33-53. Monterey, CA: Brooks\/Cole ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.34.11.1085"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Feminism and Citizenship","author":"Voet, R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Voet, R. (1998) Feminism and Citizenship, London: Sage ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Social Identity and Intergroup Relations","author":"Wetherell, M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wetherell, M. (1982) \u2018Cross-cultural Studies of Minimal Groups: Implications for the Social Identity Theory Of Intergroup Relations\u2019, in H. Tajfel (ed.) Social Identity and Intergroup Relations, pp. 207-240. London\/Paris: Cambridge University Press\/Maison des Sciences de l\u2019Homme ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"A Vindication of the Rights of Women","author":"Wollstonecraft, M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wollstonecraft, M. (1992[1792]) A Vindication of the Rights of Women. London: Penguin Books ."}],"container-title":["Feminism &amp; Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0959-353506060818","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0959-353506060818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:30:57Z","timestamp":1777411857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0959-353506060818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0959-353506060818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0959-353506060818","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-3535","1461-7161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-3535","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}}}