{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:56:52Z","timestamp":1777564612575,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Holocene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We present a high-resolution palaeoenvironmental reconstruction covering the late Holocene from the Skagerrak and other sites in the North Sea area. The data, which are based on the analyses of marine sediment cores, reveal a marked environmental shift that took place between AD 700 and AD 1100, with the most pronounced changes occurring at AD 900. Both surface and bottom waters in the Skagerrak were subject to major circulation and productivity changes at this time due to an enhanced advection of Atlantic waters to the North Sea marking the beginning of the \u2018Mediaeval Warm Period\u2019 (MWP). The observed increase in bottom current strength is especially remarkable as there is hardly any comparable signal in the older part of the record going back to 1000 BC. At the transition to the \u2018Little Ice Age\u2019 (LIA) the bottom current strength remains at a high level, now probably forced by atmospheric circulation. Thus, despite opposite temperature forcing, these two consecutive climate scenarios are apparently able to generate distinctly stronger bottom currents in the Skagerrak than observed in the preceding 2000 years, and demonstrate the significance of climatic forcing in shaping the marine environment. Indeed, both the MWP and the LIA are reported as strong climatic signals in northwest Europe, being the warmest (except the late twentieth century) and coldest periods, respectively, during at least the last 2000 years. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959683606hl989rp","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,5]],"date-time":"2006-12-05T16:12:53Z","timestamp":1165335173000},"page":"987-1001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Late Holocene coastal hydrographic and climate changes in the eastern North Sea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dierk","family":"Hebbeln","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Bremen, Germany,"}]},{"given":"Karen-Luise","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aarhus, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gyllencreutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aarhus, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Dorthe","family":"Klitgaard-Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Backman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stockholm University, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Scheurle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Bremen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Normal University, China"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Engineering, Technology and Innovation, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Smelror","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Norway, Norway"}]},{"given":"Phil D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia, UK, University of Bergen, Norway"}]},{"given":"Hans-Petter","family":"Sejrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bergen, Norway"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8398(88)90013-8"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8398(95)00026-7"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8398(97)00005-4"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001PA000654"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1973.18.4.0647"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(96)90740-6"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0959683604hl746rp"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00211153"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95PA01142"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"53","volume":"32","author":"Conradsen, K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cushman Foundation Special Publication"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusa.v30i6.10401","volume":"30","author":"Dahl, F. E.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Danielssen, D. S.                 ,                      Davidsson, L.                 ,                      Edler, L.                 ,                      Fogelquist, E.                 ,                      Fonselius, S. H.                 ,                      F\u00f8yn, L.                 ,                      Hernroth, I.                 ,                      Ha\u00b0kansson, B.                 ,                      Olsson, I.                  and                      Svendsen, E. 1991: SKAGEX: some preliminary results.                      International Council for the Exploitation of the Sea                  CM 1991, C:2-2, 14-14 pp."},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Norwegian coastal current","author":"Dooley, H. D.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959683606hl991rp"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.144.1.0161"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0959683603hl634rp"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Fenner, J. 1981: Diatoms in the Eocene and Oligocene sediments off NW Africa.                 Their stratigraphic and paleoceanographic occurrences. PhD Thesis, University of                 Kiel 230 pp."},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04965-5_19"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2005.03.025"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2005.11.002","volume":"25","author":"Gyllencreutz, R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jqs.892"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-3227(93)90141-H"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(95)00114-X"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-003-0127-0"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200014958"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200033002"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01092410"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04965-5_17"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.269.5224.676"},{"key":"atypb30","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Milankovitch and climate","author":"Imbrie, J.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(98)00074-7"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102490"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.1996.00965.x"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78737-9_4"},{"key":"atypb35","first-page":"42","author":"Jones, P. D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reviews of Geophysics"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059126"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999PA000495"},{"key":"atypb38","first-page":"PA2007","volume":"19","author":"Klitgaard-Kristensen, D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paleoceanography"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3885.1996.tb00836.x"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04965-5_11"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021267"},{"key":"atypb42","unstructured":"Lamb, H. H. 1977: Climate: present, past and future, volume 2: Climatic history                     and the future.                      Methuen & Co Ltd                 , 1-853."},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-5894(79)90067-X"},{"key":"atypb44","first-page":"277","volume":"19","author":"Lj\u00f8en, R.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Research"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00785236.1995.10422043"},{"key":"atypb46","first-page":"1","volume":"8","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geological Survey of Norway, Special Publication"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.693"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94PA03039"},{"key":"atypb49","first-page":"48","volume":"1979","author":"Meldgaard, S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dansk Natur Dansk Skole A\u00b0rsskrift"},{"key":"atypb50","unstructured":"Murray, J. 1991: Ecology and paleoecology of benthic foraminifera.                      Longman Scientific & Technical                 , 397-397 pp."},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(96)00730-6"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91PA01132"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8398(85)90014-3"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-4343(02)00237-6"},{"key":"atypb55","series-title":"Special Contribution Series, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists 35","volume-title":"Distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments from the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent basins and quantitative reconstruction of sea-surface parameters","author":"Rochon, A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0870.1987.tb00305.x"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(96)90731-5"},{"key":"atypb58","first-page":"699","volume-title":"The sea","author":"Rodhe, J.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2000)28<927:NCFTLP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"atypb60","unstructured":"Scheurle, C. 2004: Climate development and its effect on the North Sea                 environment during the Late Holocene. PhD Thesis, University of Bremen, 121 pp."},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-003-0133-2"},{"key":"atypb62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0959683605hl802rp"},{"key":"atypb63","first-page":"129","volume":"17","author":"Schrader, H. J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletin"},{"key":"atypb64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3885.1993.tb00201.x"},{"key":"atypb65","first-page":"9","volume":"65","author":"Stabell, B.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift"},{"key":"atypb66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200019123"},{"key":"atypb67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0077-7579(87)90011-1"},{"key":"atypb68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-3227(93)90142-I"},{"key":"atypb69","first-page":"409","volume":"65","author":"von Haugwitz, W.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mitteilungen Geologisch-Pal\u00e4ontologisches Institut Universit\u00e4t Hamburg"}],"container-title":["The Holocene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0959683606hl989rp","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0959683606hl989rp","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T07:07:39Z","timestamp":1741072059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0959683606hl989rp"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0959683606hl989rp"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0959683606hl989rp","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-6836","1477-0911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-6836","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}}}