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A consistency analysis of the calibrated time series is then undertaken using: (1) precipitation indices for Portugal in 1675\u20131799; (2) teleconnections between seasonal precipitation and large-scale atmospheric flow; (3) two paleoclimatic experiments (ERIK1 and ERIK2), generated from a global\/regional climate model chain (ECHO-G\/MM5); and (4) tree-ring records from oak trees in Portugal (Serra do Bu\u00e7aco). These are the first multi-centennial records of tree-ring growth in Portugal (the earliest series begin in 1675). General agreement is found between indices and calibrated precipitation for their common period on an annual basis. Overall, the atmospheric teleconnection patterns are dynamically coherent between the instrumental and pre-instrumental periods. The inter-annual to inter-decadal variability in the calibrated series reveals similar distributions as in the paleoclimatic simulations. Low-frequency variability in spring precipitation is validated by 12 tree-ring series. This study provides calibrated seasonal precipitation series in Portugal from 1600 onwards, revealing high consistency with several independent sources for winter and spring, enabling future applications to climate research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959683614566250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]],"date-time":"2015-01-06T22:07:01Z","timestamp":1420582021000},"page":"663-676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Calibration and multi-source consistency analysis of reconstructed precipitation series in Portugal since the early 17th century"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o A","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria F","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria J","family":"Alcoforado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Geogr\u00e1ficos, IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. Faculdade de Letras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Portugal"},{"name":"ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana L","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Camuffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC, Italy"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Zorita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Coastal Research, GKSS Research Center, Germany"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-012-0820-6"},{"key":"bibr2-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1797"},{"key":"bibr3-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/095968300674442959"},{"key":"bibr4-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-8-353-2012"},{"key":"bibr5-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1645"},{"key":"bibr6-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asl2.485"},{"key":"bibr7-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-12-1671-2012"},{"key":"bibr8-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/cr00945"},{"key":"bibr9-0959683614566250","volume-title":"A Floresta e o Dom\u00ednio do Mar","author":"Azevedo OV","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr10-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:CSAPOL>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr11-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2012.01663.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-012-0787-7"},{"key":"bibr13-0959683614566250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-009-9783-z"},{"key":"bibr14-0959683614566250","unstructured":"Br\u00e1zdil R, Dobrovoln\u00fd P, Stekl J, (2004) History of Weather and Climate in the Czech Republic, volume IV: Strong Winds. 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