{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:50:17Z","timestamp":1770987017317,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Time &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The purpose of this article is to offer a contribution to the analysis of the time spent on researching and preparing a PhD thesis and its conceptualization as a \u2018phase\u2019. Prior research on PhD experiences used time to explain the doctorate in terms of the different lengths of time involved when comparing different disciplines and scientific areas of study (Bourdieu, 1983; Atkinson, 2000). To date, the PhD has not been considered as a genuine time experience. I intend to do so by bearing in mind the insights provided by time sociology frameworks. Thus, in this article it is assumed that respondents\u2019 understanding of their PhD time as \u2018a phase\u2019 translates a deep experience of liminality, in which they understand themselves on the one hand as belonging simultaneously to a \u2018now\u2019 and a \u2018then\u2019 and, on the other, as being located in a linear temporal structure. In the light of the findings, it is suggested that the phase may be viewed as a key concept for theorizing the temporality of PhD experience. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463x05055133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,9]],"date-time":"2005-08-09T08:51:30Z","timestamp":1123577490000},"page":"191-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Understanding the PhD as a Phase in Time"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Em\u00edlia Rodrigues","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minho (Portugal),"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.1989.tb00039.x"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Time and Social Theory","author":"Adam, B.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Timewatch. 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Braga: Universidade do Minho."},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"The Doctoral Experience - Success and Failure in Graduate School","author":"Atkinson, P.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Bachelard, G. (1972) La dialectique de la dur\u00e9e. Paris:\n                Presses Universitaires de France."},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Globalization","author":"Bauman, Z.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity","author":"Beck, U.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Bergson, H. (1931) Dur\u00e9e et\n                simultan\u00e9it\u00e9. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France."},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. (1983) \u2018O Campo cient\u00edfico\u2019, in\n                R. Ortiz (ed.) Pierre Bourdieu: sociologia, S. Paulo: Atica."},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. (1986) \u2018Les rites comme actes\n                d\u2019institution\u2019, in P. Centilivres and J. Hainard (eds) Les\n                    rites de passage aujourd\u2019hui: Actes du colloque de Neuch\u00e2tel\n                1981, pp. 206-15. Paris: L\u2019Age d\u2019Homme."},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. (1998) Medita\u00e7\u00f5es pascalianas.\n                Lisbon: Oeiras."},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Campi, E. (1986) \u2018Rite et maitrise du temps\u2019, in P.\n                Centilivres and J. Hainard (eds) Les rites de passage aujourd\u2019hui:\n                    Actes du colloque de Neuch\u00e2tel 1981, pp. 131-7. Paris:\n                L\u2019Age d\u2019Homme."},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Chiva, I. (1986) \u2018Aujourd\u2019hui, les rites de\n                passage\u2019, in P. Centilivres and J. Hainard (eds) Les rites de passage\n                    aujourd\u2019ui: Actes do colloque de Neuch\u00e2tel 1981, pp.\n                226-35. Paris: L\u2019Age d\u2019Homme."},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"638","volume-title":"Modern Sociology. An Introduction to the Study of Human Interaction","author":"Coser, L. A.","year":"1963"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Women, Time and the Weaving of the Strands of Everyday Life","author":"Davies, K.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Duarte, T. and Gago, J. M. (1994) \u2018Doutorados em\n                Portugal\u2019, in J.M. Gago (ed.) Prospectiva do Ensino Superior em\n                    Portugal: Estudo financiado pelo fundo social Europeu no \u00e2mbito da\n                    assist\u00eancia t\u00e9cnica ao PRODEP, pp. 427-61. Lisboa,\n                Departamento de Programa\u00e7\u00e3o e Gest\u00e3o Financeira do\n                Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o."},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"The Elementary Forms of Religious Life","author":"Durkheim, E.","year":"1912"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"The Demoralization of Western Culture: Social Theory and the Dilemmas of Modern Living","author":"Fevre, R. W.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463X01010002001","volume":"10","author":"Flaherty, M. 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