{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:19:15Z","timestamp":1774610355789,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Underst Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> How did scientific knowledge reach the public? Using the press and keeping in mind the population\u2019s limited access to written material, this paper establishes how the latest scientific news was divulged to unspecialised audiences. In times of sanitary crisis in Oporto, such as the cholera morbus epidemic of 1854\u20131856, the bubonic plague in 1899 and the 1918 influenza pandemic, newspapers were important sources to access the information and advice given to the public. A database of 6700 articles, medical reports and advertisements published in daily newspapers reveals the state of the art of medical science. It also reveals the importance given by health authorities and journalists to the publication of recent discoveries and adequate hygiene procedures to prevent the spread of the epidemics. This is a subject that contributes to the debates on the dissemination of science and on the place that Portugal occupied in the international scientific community. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662512473212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T01:25:17Z","timestamp":1360805117000},"page":"886-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Epidemics in the news: Health and hygiene in the press in periods of crisis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Maria Ant\u00f3nia Pires","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New Lisbon University, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0963662512473212","volume-title":"Advertising Management","author":"Aaker DA","year":"1987","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr2-0963662512473212","first-page":"562","volume":"22","author":"Ackerknecht EH","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine"},{"key":"bibr3-0963662512473212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsnr.2011.0001"},{"key":"bibr4-0963662512473212","volume-title":"Contagion and the State in Europe, 1830\u20131930","author":"Baldwin P","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr5-0963662512473212","volume-title":"A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet","author":"Briggs A","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr6-0963662512473212","first-page":"865","author":"Calmette A","year":"1899","journal-title":"Annales de l\u2019Institut Pasteur"},{"key":"bibr7-0963662512473212","first-page":"222","volume-title":"A \u00c9poca Contempor\u00e2nea","author":"Casc\u00e3o R","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr8-0963662512473212","volume-title":"Portugal Sanit\u00e1rio (Subs\u00eddios para o seu estudo)","author":"Correia FS","year":"1938"},{"key":"bibr9-0963662512473212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599550"},{"key":"bibr10-0963662512473212","volume-title":"La Peste bub\u00f3nica: memoria sobre la epidemia ocurrida en Porto en 1899","author":"Ferr\u00e1n y","year":"1907"},{"key":"bibr11-0963662512473212","volume-title":"The Fourth Estate","author":"Hunt FK","year":"1850"},{"key":"bibr12-0963662512473212","volume-title":"Demographia e hygiene da cidade do Porto: clima-popula\u00e7\u00e3o-mortalidade","author":"Jorge R","year":"1899"},{"key":"bibr13-0963662512473212","volume-title":"La peste bub\u00f3nica en Oporto (Portugal) 1899\u20131900: hecho epidemiogr\u00e1ficos e investigaciones cl\u00ednicas recogidos personalmente y anotados por el Doctor F. 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