{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:23:31Z","timestamp":1777602211237,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Urban and Regional Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditionally, transnational subsidiaries in peripheral regions were labelled \u2018cathedrals in the desert\u2019 as they did not establish significant links with local or regional producers and did not control the decisionmaking process. The work of economists and geographers has tended to be heavily influenced by the branch plant stereotype. However, this rather basic vision of reality is now changing as inward investments promoted by transnational corporations (TNCs) become more embedded in the region. It seems there is a new strategy of foreign firms in relation to local firms and institutions, as evidenced by the technological knowledge governance and learning processes in supply chains polarized by some TNC subsidiaries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this paper we first assess the role of technological externalities as a new industrial location factor in the era of globalization. These externalities reinforce localization of innovative firms rather than stimulate spatial dispersion. Even TNC subsidiaries are more embedded in the host regions as globalization accelerates. Second, we analyse the features of the Autoeuropa (AE) supply chain in Portugal, namely the type of suppliers (firm size, origin of capital, markets and so forth) and their position in the hierarchical supply chain of AE. Finally, we assess external knowledge and innovation driven by Autoeuropa itself among suppliers, and we discuss the main benefits as well as the basic problems of such a form of knowledge creation and diffusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0969776404036252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,27]],"date-time":"2004-05-27T08:40:00Z","timestamp":1085647200000},"page":"124-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Innovation and Knowledge Driven by a Focal Corporation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Vale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343400050085657"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonelli, C. (2001) The Microeconomics of Technological Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press .","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199245536.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Banville, E. and Chanaron, J-J. (1991) Vers un Syst\u00e8me Automobile Europ\u00e9en. Paris: Economica ."},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Braczyk, H-J., Cooke, P. and Heidenreich, M. (1998) Regional Innovation Systems: the Role of Governances in a Globalized World. London: UCL Press ."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096977640000700401"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dicken, P., Forsgren, M. and Malmberg, A. (1994) \u2018The Local Embeddedness of Transnational Corporations\u2019, in A. Amin and N. Thrift (eds) Globalisation, Institutions, and Regional Development in Europe, pp. 23\u201345. Oxford: Oxford University Press .","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198289166.003.0002"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Dunning, J.H. (2000) (ed.) Regions, Globalization, and Knowledge-based Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press ."},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e3o, J. and Vale, M. (1995) \u2018Multi-purpose Vehicles, a New Opportunity for the Periphery? Lessons from the Ford\/VW Project (Portugal)\u2019, in R. Hudson and E. Schamp (eds) Towards a New Map of Automobile Manufacturing in Europe. New Production Concepts and Spatial Restructuring, pp. 195\u2013217. Berlin: Springer .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-79471-1_9"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-3287(95)00021-N"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Grabher, G. (1993) \u2018Rediscovering the Social in the Economics of Interfirm Relations\u2019, in G. Grabher (ed.) The Embedded Firm. On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks, pp. 1\u201331. London: Routledge ."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/144400"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Helper, S. (1993) \u2018An Exit\u2013Voice Analysis of Supplier Relations: the Case of the US Automobile Industry\u2019, in G. Grabher (ed.) The Embedded Firm. On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks, pp. 141\u2013160. London: Routledge ."},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/622326"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096977649900600105"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096977649700400101"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Lagendijk, A., Pike, A. and Vale, M. (1996) \u2018Multiple Hybrids? A Comparative Study of Three \u201cGreenfield\u201d Investments in the Automobile Industry in Europe\u2019, EUNIT Discussion Paper No. 5, University of Newcastle ."},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Lundvall, B.A. (1992) \u2018User\u2013Producer Relationships, National Systems of Innovation and Internationalisation\u2019, in B.A. Lundvall National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinder ."},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/2.1.45"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09654319708720382"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/144402"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096977649900600102"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343409750132289"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343409312331347405"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Pike, A. and Vale, M. (1996) \u2018Greenfields and Brownfields: Automotive Industrial Development in the UK and in Portugal\u2019 , Finisterra XXXI (62): 97\u2013119 ."},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"Pike, A., Lagendijk, A. and Vale, M. (2000) \u2018Critical Reflections on \u201cEmbeddedness\u201d in Economic Geography: the Case of Labour Market Governance and Training in the Automotive Industry in The Northeast-Region of England\u2019, in A. Giunta, A. Lagendijk and A. Pike (eds) Restructuring Industry and Territory. The Experience of Europe\u2019s Regions, pp. 59\u201382. London: The Stationery Office ."},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"Reis, J. (1992) Os Espa\u00e7os da Ind\u00fastria. A Regula\u00e7\u00e3o Econ\u00f3mica e o Desenvolvimento Local em Portugal. Porto: Afrontamento ."},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"Sadler, D. (1997) \u2018The Role of Supply Chain Management Strategies in the \u201cEuropeanization\u201d of the Automobile Production System\u2019, in R. Lee and J. Wills (eds) Geographies of Economies, pp. 311\u2013320. London: Arnold ."},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"Storper, M. (1997) The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy. New York: The Guilford Press ."},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunley, P. (2000) \u2018Urban and Regional Growth\u2019, in E. Sheppard and T. Barnes (eds) A Companion to Economic Geography, pp. 187\u2013201. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing .","DOI":"10.1002\/9781405166430.ch12"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00343409312331347655"},{"key":"atypb31","unstructured":"Vale, M. (1999) \u2018Geografia da Ind\u00fastria Autom\u00f3vel num Contexto de Globaliza\u00e7\u00e3o. Imbrica\u00e7\u00e3o Espacial do Sistema AutoEuropa\u2019, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Lisbon."},{"key":"atypb32","unstructured":"Vale, M. (2001) \u2018Sistema AutoEuropa: inova\u00e7\u00e2o numa rede polarizada por uma empresa transnacional?\u2019, in C. Antonelli and J. Ferr\u00e2o (eds) Comunica\u00e7\u00e2o, Conhecimento e Inova\u00e7\u00e2o: As Vantagens da Aglomera\u00e7\u00e2o Geogr\u00e1fica, pp. 121\u2013152. Lisbon: Imprensa de Ci\u00eancias Sociais ."},{"key":"atypb33","unstructured":"Veltz, P. (1996) Mondialisation, Villes et Territoires. L\u2019Economie Archipel. Paris: PUF ."}],"container-title":["European Urban and Regional Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0969776404036252","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0969776404036252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:57:25Z","timestamp":1777409845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0969776404036252"}},"subtitle":["The Case of the Autoeuropa Supply Chain"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0969776404036252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0969776404036252","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-7764","1461-7145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-7764","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7145","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}}}