{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:26:23Z","timestamp":1777602383995,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,17]],"date-time":"2009-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1253145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Urban and Regional Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Child working remains a significant minority activity in semi-industrialized parts of the Portuguese labour market. This article outlines the scale and spatial extent of the phenomenon before debating the role of children employed in the textiles, clothing and footwear sectors.We consider key determinants governing supply and demand for these workers together with an evaluation of state-sponsored efforts to alleviate the situation. Analysis shows that some factories in mono-industrial parts of north-west and central-eastern interior Portugal are continuing to resist the globalization of competitive pressures.This is achieved by reducing real labour costs, utilizing informal work practices, exploiting the cheap productive capacity which minors bring and the legislative loopholes which prevent its eradication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0969776409340862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,17]],"date-time":"2009-09-17T11:57:59Z","timestamp":1253188679000},"page":"439-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Portuguese Child Labour: an Enduring Tale of Exploitation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Eaton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK,"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"\u2018Fal\u00eancias ao N\u00edvel Mais Alto da \u00daltima D\u00e9cada\u2019 (Highest levels of closure in the last decade), Di\u00e1rio de Not\u00edcias (4 Jan.)","author":"Almeida, C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Barroso, J.L. ( 2001) \u2018O Papel dos Parceiros Sociais e da Sociedade Civil no Combate \u00e0 Explora\u00e7\u00e3o do Trabalho Infantil, em Portugal\u2019 (The role of social partners and civil society in combating the exploitation of the child worker, in Portugal), in Actas da Confer\u00eancia Internacional Pol\u00edticas de Combate \u00e0 Explora\u00e7\u00e3o do Trabalho Infantil na Europa, Volume I, pp. 237-42. Lisbon: PEETI."},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Living on the Edges, Children Who Work in Europe - from Exploitation to Participation","author":"Cecchetti, R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Trabalho Infantil em Portugal (Education and child work in Portugal)","author":"Lopes, M.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203025406"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0907568298005003006"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"A History of Child Labor in Portugal, ISS Working Paper No. 448, November","author":"Goulart, P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2007.07.002"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"\u2018Relat\u00f3rio Annual de Actividades 2006\u2019 (Annual report of activities 2006)","author":"IGT (Inspec\u00e7\u00e3o Geral do Trabalho)","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Trabalho Infantil Limita as Ambi\u00e7\u00f5es Profissionais dos Jovens (Child work impedes the professional ambitions of youngsters)","author":"ILO (International Labour Office","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Estudo Sobre o Poder de Compra Concelhio 2005 (Study upon the purchasing power of councils in 2005)","author":"INE (Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica)","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0261018305051326"},{"key":"atypb13","author":"Keeley, G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Times Online"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Inqu\u00edrito a Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o Social dos Agregados Familiares com Menores em Idade Escolar (Survey on the social make-up of households with children of school age)","author":"Minist\u00e9rio do Trabalho e Solidariedade","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Estudo do Tecido Oper\u00e1rio T\u00eaxtil da Cova da Beira (Study on the textile labour force in Cova da Beira)","author":"Pereira, A.C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o das Actividades dos Menores em Espet\u00e1culos, Moda e Publicidade (Characterization of activities of minors in shows, fashion and advertising)","author":"Pereira, I.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb17","author":"Pestana, C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Janus"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"PETI (Programa para Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Elimina\u00e7\u00e3o da Explora\u00e7\u00e3o do Trabalho Infantil)","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"\u2018Felgueiras \u00e9 o Concelho com Maior Subida de Desemprego nos \u00daltimos Cinco Anos\u2019 (Felgueiras is the council area with the biggest unemployment rise in the last five years), P\u00fablico (21 Mar.)","author":"Rocha, J.M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"O Trabalho Infantil na Sociedade Portuguesa: 1998-2003 (Child work in Portuguese society, 1998-2003)","author":"Sarmento, M.J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Trabalho Domiciliario Infantil. 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