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Two aspects of anonymity were independently manipulated: visibility of respondents (not visible, visible) and visibility of responses (not visible, visible) to the in-group. The role of degree of identification as moderator of anonymity effects was also examined. The results show that anonymity manipulations affect group members\u2019effort on behalf of the group, but only when group identification is low. Low identifiers chose to work harder with the group either when they were totally anonymous or when they were totally visible to other in-group members. The implications of the results for the understanding of group processes through CMC are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/104649602237680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,11]],"date-time":"2007-03-11T01:01:16Z","timestamp":1173574876000},"page":"590-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Impact of Anonymity and Group Identification on Progroup Behavior in Computer-Mediated Groups"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Barreto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University, the Netherlands,"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Ellemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University, the Netherlands"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00892.x"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour","author":"Ajzen, I.","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"conference \u201cSIDE Issues Centre Stage: Recent Development in Studies of Deindividuation in Groups,\u201d","author":"Barreto, M."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672002610001"},{"key":"atypb5","author":"Barreto, M.","journal-title":"European Review of Social Psychology"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299025001001"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.91.1.3"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Social identity: Context, commitment, content","author":"Doosje, B.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.4.642"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466601164894"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"324","volume-title":"The Blackwell handbook of social psychology, Volume 4: Intergroup processes","author":"Ellemers, N.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Social identity: Context, commitment, content","author":"Ellemers, N.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.64.5.766"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"The presentation of self in everyday life","author":"Goffman, E.","year":"1959"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496490213003"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(199709\/10)27:5<603::AID-EJSP816>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14792779343000022"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0101_3"},{"key":"atypb19","author":"Lea, M.","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"34","volume":"107","author":"Leary, M. 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