{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:26:11Z","timestamp":1777530371405,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The choice of inodilator drug in the acute management of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) having right ventricular (RV) failure remains unsettled and challenging. Comprehensive experimental evaluations may provide further insight and fundamental translational research clues to support inodilator selection and clinical trial design. Our aim was to compare acute dose\u2013response hemodynamic effects of inodilators dobutamine (DOB), milrinone (MIL), and levosimendan (LEV) in chronic experimental PH. Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly injected with 60 mg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    monocrotaline (MCT) or vehicle (Ctrl, n = 7) and underwent systemic and pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and RV pressure\u2013volume (PV) hemodynamic evaluation under halogenate anesthesia 24 to 30 days after injection. The MCT-injected animals (n = 7 each) randomly received dose\u2013response infusions of DOB (1, 3, 6 and 12 \u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), MIL (MIL: 1, 3, 6 and 12 \u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), or LEV (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 \u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Load-independent indexes were obtained by inferior vena cava occlusion at baseline and after the last dose. All inodilators increased RV ejection fraction, preload recruitable stroke work, and ventricular\u2013vascular coupling without jeopardizing perfusion pressure. Dobutamine raised heart rate and PA pressure. Only LEV increased cardiac index and decreased PA elastance and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Moreover, only LEV downward-shifted the end-diastolic PV relationship, thereby improving RV compliance. Adding sildenafil to LEV further decreased PVR. Levosimendan had beneficial acute systolic and diastolic functional effects in experimental chronic PH and RV afterload compared to DOB and MIL. It should be further tested in clinical trials enrolling patients with PH in the perioperative and critical care settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248417696818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T04:13:22Z","timestamp":1488341602000},"page":"485-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dose\u2013Response Head-to-Head Comparison of Inodilators Dobutamine, Milrinone, and Levosimendan in Chronic Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Tavares-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Alaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Oliveira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adelino F.","family":"Leite-Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 P.","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, 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