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A total of 2,740 parents of individuals with DS from 11 countries completed the FaMM. The analysis provided evidence of internal consistency reliability exceeding .70 for four of six FaMM scales for the entire sample. Across countries, there was a pattern of positive family management. Cross-cultural comparisons revealed parents from Brazil, Spain, and the United States had the most positive family management and respondents from Ireland, Italy, Japan, and Korea had the least positive. The rankings were mixed for the four remaining countries. These findings provide evidence of overall strong internal consistency reliability of the FaMM. More cross-cultural research is needed to understand how social determinants of health influence family management in families of individuals with DS. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840720975167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T08:01:35Z","timestamp":1607068895000},"page":"8-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Measurement of Family Management in Families of Individuals With Down Syndrome: A Cross-Cultural Investigation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia","family":"Van Riper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Knafl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}]},{"given":"Maria do C\u00e9u","family":"Barbieri-Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Caples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Cork, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Hyunkyung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4990-5711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gert","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch Down Syndrome Foundation, Meppel, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Elys\u00e2ngela Dittz","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Marta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Supapak","family":"Phetrasuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Margareth","family":"Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Wannee","family":"Deoisres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Muang, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}]},{"given":"Aline Soares","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garden Valley School Division, Winkler, Manitoba, Canada"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rocha da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9570-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth","family":"Skelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"van der Veek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Knafl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1074840720975167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajuwon P. 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