{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T01:03:20Z","timestamp":1760317400641,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Sexual harassment perpetrated by physicians constitutes a critical form of institutional violence against women. This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined 39 ethical cases involving 37 male physicians judged by a Brazilian Ethics Tribunal between 2012 and 2022. Data were anonymized and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Barnard's test (\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2009&lt;\u2009.10). Most violations occurred within the field of Gynecology and Obstetrics, revealing breaches in the physician\u2013patient relationship and infringements on human rights. Although many cases were dismissed for insufficient evidence, confirmed infractions resulted in severe sanctions. Findings underscore the urgency of ethical training and protective protocols to prevent harassment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012251384624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:26:23Z","timestamp":1759947983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Ethics of Care Under Threat: When Protectors Become Perpetrators\u2014Patterns of Abuse and Ethical Breaches by Physicians Accused of Sexual Misconduct in a Brazilian State"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5808-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Bittar Britto","family":"Arantes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Bioethics Centre, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alanna Gomes da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9034-7029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica Maria","family":"Bessa Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bioethics, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Augusto","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rui Manuel","family":"Lopes Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bioethics, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1001914303435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"Brazil. (2018). Lei n\u00b0 13.709 de 14 de agosto de 2018: Lei Geral de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados Pessoais [General Data Protection Law] August 14. http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2015-2018\/2018\/lei\/l13709.htm"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"1884A","article-title":"Policy summary: The patient-physician relationship and the sexual abuse of patients","volume":"150","author":"Canadian Medical Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"Canadian Medical Association. (1994). Policy summary: The patient-physician relationship and the sexual abuse of patients. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 150(11), 1884A\u20131884C. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1337070\/","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"O terapeuta seduzido e o sedutor [The seduced therapist and the seducer]","volume":"16","author":"Cataldo A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cataldo A., Gauer G. J. C. (2005). O terapeuta seduzido e o sedutor [The seduced therapist and the seducer]. Revista Brasileira de Sexualidade Humana, 16(2), 251\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35919\/rbsh.v16i2.463","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Sexualidade Humana"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009001100007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","unstructured":"Conselho Federal de Medicina. (2018). Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o CFM n\u00b0 2.217 de 27 de setembro de 2018: Aprova o C\u00f3digo de \u00c9tica M\u00e9dica [Resolution CFM n\u00b0 2 217 of September 27 2018: Approves the Code of Medical Ethics]. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da Uni\u00e3o September 27. https:\/\/portal.cfm.org.br\/images\/PDF\/cem2019.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","unstructured":"Conselho Federal de Medicina. (2022). Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o CFM n\u00b0 2.306 de 17 de mar\u00e7o de 2022: Aprova o C\u00f3digo de Processo \u00c9tico-Profissional dos Conselhos de Medicina [Resolution CFM n\u00b0 2 306 of March 17 2022: Approves the Code of Ethical-Professional Procedure of the Medical Councils]. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da Uni\u00e3o March 25 2022 March 17. https:\/\/portal.cfm.org.br\/images\/PDF\/resolucao-2306-2022.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470190089035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.23.1883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1005696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Federation of State Medical Boards. (2011). Summary of 2011 board actions [PDF]. https:\/\/www.fsmb.org\/siteassets\/advocacy\/publications\/2011-summary-of-board-actions.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.52.6.1054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","volume-title":"Coment\u00e1rios ao C\u00f3digo de \u00c9tica M\u00e9dica [Commentaries on the code of medical ethics]","author":"Fran\u00e7a G. V.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a G. V. (2019). Coment\u00e1rios ao C\u00f3digo de \u00c9tica M\u00e9dica [Commentaries on the code of medical ethics] (7th ed.). Guanabara Koogan.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Psicoterapia de orienta\u00e7\u00e3o anal\u00edtica: Fundamentos te\u00f3ricos e cl\u00ednicos [Analytically oriented psychotherapy: Theoretical and clinical foundations]","author":"Gabbard G.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gabbard G. (2014). Viola\u00e7\u00f5es das fronteiras profissionais [Violations of professional boundaries]. In Eizirik C. L., Aguiar R. W., Schestatsky S. S. (Eds.), Psicoterapia de orienta\u00e7\u00e3o anal\u00edtica: Fundamentos te\u00f3ricos e cl\u00ednicos [Analytically oriented psychotherapy: Theoretical and clinical foundations] (pp. 324\u2013339). Artmed."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Inappropriate relationships","author":"Garrett T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garrett T. (2002). Inappropriate therapist\u2013patient relationships. In Goodwin R., Cramer D. (Eds.), Inappropriate relationships (pp. 147\u2013170). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.9.1126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Agressividade: Uma leitura biopsicossocial [Aggressiveness: A biopsychosocial reading]","author":"Gauer G. J. C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gauer G. J. C., Cataldo A., Veit A. L. H., Weber C. J. L., De Latorre G., Lavigne S. C. (2001). Rela\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dico-paciente: Uma contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o entendimento bio\u00e9tico das rela\u00e7\u00f5es sexuais m\u00e9dico-paciente [Doctor\u2013patient relationship: A bioethical contribution to the understanding of physician\u2013patient sexual relations]. In Gauer G. J. C. (Ed.), Agressividade: Uma leitura biopsicossocial [Aggressiveness: A biopsychosocial reading] (pp. 39\u201358). Juru\u00e1."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Viola\u00e7\u00e3o de fronteiras: Envolvimento sexual m\u00e9dico-paciente [Boundary violations: Physician\u2013patient sexual involvement]","volume":"58","author":"Gauer G. J. C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gauer G. J. C., Cataldo Neto A., Machado P. I., de S., Machado F. I., de S. (2014). Viola\u00e7\u00e3o de fronteiras: Envolvimento sexual m\u00e9dico-paciente [Boundary violations: Physician\u2013patient sexual involvement]. Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica do Rio Grande do Sul [Journal of the Medical Association of Rio Grande do Sul], 58(4), 306\u2013310. https:\/\/repositorio.pucrs.br\/dspace\/bitstream\/10923\/21259\/2\/Violao_de_Fronteiras_envolvimento_sexual_mdicopaciente.pdf","journal-title":"Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica do Rio Grande do Sul [Journal of the Medical Association of Rio Grande do Sul]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","unstructured":"Gomes J. C. M. (2007). Ass\u00e9dio sexual no exerc\u00edcio da medicina: Desvio \u00e9tico ou doen\u00e7a? [Sexual harassment in medical practice: Ethical deviation or illness?]. Scortecci."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Ass\u00e9dio sexual na pr\u00e1tica m\u00e9dica [Sexual harassment in medical practice]","volume":"37","author":"Gon\u00e7alves M. M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves M. M. (2009). Ass\u00e9dio sexual na pr\u00e1tica m\u00e9dica [Sexual harassment in medical practice]. Femina, 37(10), 1240\u20131244. https:\/\/pesquisa.bvsalud.org\/portal\/resource\/pt\/lil-545663","journal-title":"Femina"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.2.188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.130.10.1077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Exploring sexual exploitation by physicians","volume":"58","author":"Limbert J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Limbert J., Microys G. (1991). Exploring sexual exploitation by physicians. Ontario Medical Review, 58, 9\u201314.","journal-title":"Ontario Medical Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","unstructured":"Mariani P. C. (2021). Bio\u00e9tica na cirurgia pl\u00e1stica: A medicina como fim ou como meio [Bioethics in plastic surgery: Medicine as an end or as a means] [Doctoral thesis]. Universidade do Porto Reposit\u00f3rio Aberto da Universidade do Porto. https:\/\/repositorio-aberto.up.pt\/bitstream\/10216\/141111\/2\/558046.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","unstructured":"Marques Filho J. (2006). A pena m\u00e1xima: Cassa\u00e7\u00e3o do exerc\u00edcio profissional m\u00e9dico \u2013 Uma an\u00e1lise bio\u00e9tica dos processos de cassa\u00e7\u00e3o pelo Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo [The ultimate penalty: Revocation of physicians\u2019 professional practice \u2013 A bioethical analysis of revocation proceedings by the Regional Medical Council of S\u00e3o Paulo] [Master\u2019s thesis]. Centro Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Camilo. Available upon request from the library of Centro Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Camilo."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","volume-title":"Sexual involvement with therapists","author":"Pope K.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pope K. (1994). Sexual involvement with therapists. American Psychological Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9798216013631"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the influence of hookup culture on female and male rape myths","volume":"36","author":"Reling T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reling T., Becker S., Drakeford L., Valasik M. (2018). Exploring the influence of hookup culture on female and male rape myths. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(1\u20132), 1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260518801021","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Crossing the line: Sexual boundary violations by physicians","volume":"6","author":"Sansone R. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sansone R. A., Sansone L. A. (2009). Crossing the line: Sexual boundary violations by physicians. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 6(6), 45\u201348. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2720840\/","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","volume-title":"Psychotherapists\u2019 sexual involvement with clients: Intervention and prevention","author":"Schoener G. R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schoener G. R., Milgrom J. H., Gonsiorek J. C., Luepker E. T., Conroe R. M. (1989). Psychotherapists\u2019 sexual involvement with clients: Intervention and prevention. Walk-In Counseling Center."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.26.5.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","unstructured":"State Medical Board of Ohio. (2013). Your report \u2013 The medical board newsletter (May and August issues). http:\/\/www.med.ohio.gov\/professionals-newsletters.htm"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012251384624","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10778012251384624","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012251384624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:17:43Z","timestamp":1760231863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10778012251384624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10778012251384624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012251384624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1077-8012"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-8448"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"article-number":"10778012251384624"}}