{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T10:46:31Z","timestamp":1775299591089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food sci. technol. int."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Chromium-based treatments are currently used for the passivation of tinplate, which produces a protective surface layer consisting of a mixture of metal chromium and chromium oxide. This passivation film is effective against the formation of tin oxides and corrosion by food media, and offers a good substrate for the adhesion of protective organic coatings. However, there is an increasing concern about environmental and health risks with this passivation treatment. The aim of this paper was to study a new environmental friendly passivation treatment based on a titanium compound, applied on tinplate and afterwards lacquered with a conventional epoxyphenolic lacquer used for food can applications. The mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of the lacquered material and the metallic dissolution in canned sardines in tomato juice and peeled tomato were similar to those obtained with conventional Cr-passivated tinplate. According to these results titanium treatment could be considered an alternative to chromium for practical applications. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013205054933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,20]],"date-time":"2005-06-20T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1119272783000},"page":"223-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Titanium-Passivated Tinplate for Canning Foods"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Catal\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Agroqu\u00edmica y Tecnolog\u00eda de                         Alimentos-CSIC. Packaging Lab. PO Box 73, 46100 Burjassot, 46100, Spain,"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Agroqu\u00edmica y Tecnolog\u00eda de                         Alimentos-CSIC. Packaging Lab. PO Box 73, 46100 Burjassot, 46100, Spain"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Gavara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Agroqu\u00edmica y Tecnolog\u00eda de                         Alimentos-CSIC. Packaging Lab. PO Box 73, 46100 Burjassot, 46100, Spain"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Bastidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metal\u00fargicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aceralia, Grupo Arcelor, Asturias, Spain"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"de Cristaforo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Sviluppo Materiali. Roma, Italy"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Plant trial evaluation of viable nonchromium passivation systems for electrolytic tinplate","author":"AISI R&amp;D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02696254"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5006\/1.3280547"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Catal\u00e1 R. (1977). M\u00e9todos de evaluaci\u00f3n                     y control de calidad de los envases de hojalata para alimentos. II. Hojalata                 barnizada. Publication No. 71, Valencia, Spain: IATA-CSIC."},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Proceedings 8th IAPRI International Conference, Worldpak 2002","author":"Catal\u00e1 R."},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02757999","volume":"81","author":"Catal\u00e1 R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surface Coating International"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-938X(98)00050-X"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"ESC research, environmentally friendly coated tinplate for food cans","author":"De Cristofaro N.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"EN ISO 24624 Standard, Paints and Varnishes. Pull-off test adhesion","author":"EN","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"7th International Tinplate Conference","author":"Fousse D."},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"6th International Tinplate Conference","author":"Rees I.S."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-938X(88)90025-X","volume":"28","author":"Wilcox G.D.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Corrosion Science"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5006\/1.3280573"}],"container-title":["Food Science and Technology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1082013205054933","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1082013205054933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:41:53Z","timestamp":1741048913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1082013205054933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1082013205054933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1082013205054933","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-0132","1532-1738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-0132","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-1738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}}}