{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:52:45Z","timestamp":1776898365342,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union Erasmus + Program","award":["grant no. 2016-1-DE01-KA203-003524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant no. 2016-1-DE01-KA203-003524"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospitality &amp; Tourism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Co-creation in tourism is a powerful way of developing involving and meaningful experiences of services, places, and cultures that tourists have contact with when traveling. Cultural heritage should thus not only attract the passive \u201ctourist gaze\u201d but rather stimulate the curious visitor to engage creatively with this heritage in ways that cultural heritage providers may creatively imagine. This is easier to say than do. This article discusses the role of higher education in improving students\u2019 competences regarding the development of co-creation opportunities with cultural heritage. Results of a survey and additional interviews directed at those involved in cultural heritage management and training identified challenges for improving higher education curricula in tourism and heritage management. Additional research and respective teaching and management efforts need to overcome not only national borders in cultural heritage provision for tourists but also borders between teachers and students, academia and practitioners, heritage and tourism, and global and local themes and experiences. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1096348020951637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T05:10:43Z","timestamp":1598418643000},"page":"1519-1544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Enhancing Competences For Co-Creating Appealing and Meaningful Cultural Heritage Experiences in Tourism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4700-0326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kastenholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Gronau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences Stralsund"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2013.03.001"},{"key":"bibr2-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb058368"},{"key":"bibr3-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19368620802594193"},{"key":"bibr4-1096348020951637","volume-title":"Paradise remade. The politics of culture and history in Hawai\u2019i","author":"Buck E.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr5-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1356766717706102"},{"key":"bibr6-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2015.1081158"},{"key":"bibr7-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2011.09.018"},{"key":"bibr8-1096348020951637","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Meeting challenges for rural tourism through co-creation of sustainable tourist experiences","author":"Carvalho M.","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr9-1096348020951637","first-page":"94","volume":"9","author":"Dolnicar S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management"},{"key":"bibr10-1096348020951637","first-page":"47","volume":"27","author":"Duxbury N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Turismo e Desenvolvimento"},{"key":"bibr11-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789813233683_0018"},{"key":"bibr12-1096348020951637","volume-title":"32nd EMAC Conference","author":"Gnoth J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr13-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0148-2963(84)90042-0"},{"key":"bibr14-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15022250903034406"},{"key":"bibr15-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287505278988"},{"key":"bibr16-1096348020951637","volume-title":"32nd EMAC Conference","author":"Jaeger S.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr17-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/thr.2011.3"},{"key":"bibr18-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09669580408667246"},{"key":"bibr19-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1356766710380883"},{"key":"bibr20-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2015.1087477"},{"key":"bibr21-1096348020951637","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Strategic marketing in tourism services","author":"Kastenholz E.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr22-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2012.08.009"},{"key":"bibr23-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2017.1350617"},{"key":"bibr24-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1356766713478297"},{"key":"bibr25-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13527258.2016.1277776"},{"key":"bibr26-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2010.526897"},{"key":"bibr27-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2014.02.007"},{"key":"bibr28-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2159032X.2016.1246156"},{"key":"bibr29-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287516650937"},{"key":"bibr30-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09647770100201902"},{"key":"bibr31-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13614568.2012.617846"},{"key":"bibr32-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2015.11.023"},{"key":"bibr33-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.346"},{"key":"bibr34-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0267257X.2013.800899"},{"key":"bibr35-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15022250701231915"},{"key":"bibr36-1096348020951637","author":"Pine J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"issue":"27","key":"bibr37-1096348020951637","first-page":"89","volume":"2","author":"Pinto R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento"},{"key":"bibr38-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2013.01.012"},{"key":"bibr39-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.799"},{"key":"bibr40-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994406.0003"},{"key":"bibr41-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2011.07.008"},{"key":"bibr42-1096348020951637","first-page":"16","volume":"23","author":"Richards G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"ATLAS News"},{"key":"bibr43-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2005.06.002"},{"key":"bibr44-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2017.08.001"},{"key":"bibr45-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1362\/026725799784870496"},{"key":"bibr46-1096348020951637","volume-title":"Die Erlebnisgesellschaft: Kultursoziologie der Gegenwart","author":"Schulze G.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr47-1096348020951637","volume-title":"The experience society","author":"Schulze G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr48-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-5177(95)00039-Q"},{"key":"bibr49-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(02)00047-X"},{"key":"bibr50-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2008.03.001"},{"key":"bibr51-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2010.09.001"},{"key":"bibr52-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2017.11.018"},{"key":"bibr53-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(97)00020-0"},{"key":"bibr54-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(01)00038-X"},{"key":"bibr55-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2011.03.009"},{"key":"bibr56-1096348020951637","unstructured":"UNESCO. (2006). Tourism, culture and sustainable development. Author. http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0014\/001475\/147578e.pdf"},{"key":"bibr57-1096348020951637","unstructured":"United Nations. (2008). Creative Economy report 2008. The challenge of assessing the creative economy: towards informed policy-making. http:\/\/www.unctad.org\/en\/docs\/ditc20082cer_en.pdf"},{"key":"bibr58-1096348020951637","volume-title":"The tourist gaze","author":"Urry J.","year":"2002","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr59-1096348020951637","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19368620802590134"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospitality &amp; Tourism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1096348020951637","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1096348020951637","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1096348020951637","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T09:54:31Z","timestamp":1740822871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1096348020951637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1096348020951637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1096348020951637","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-3480","1557-7554"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7554","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]}}}