{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T05:09:40Z","timestamp":1768194580857,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["YOUNG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article we examine how the internet and other digital technologies are used by Portuguese Afro-descendant youth living in contexts of socio-economic deprivation. More specifically, based on a set of interviews held with rappers, we pursue a discussion on the significance of the concepts of digital inclusion and participation, arguing that young people\u2019s online practices reflect not only distinct ways of digital participation but also cultural engagement. By studying black amateur rap, our main goal is to examine how disadvantaged young people use the internet and other digital technologies and how these apparatuses may be employed for cultural expression and identity construction. Our research shows, on the one hand, how crucial a strategic use of these devices can be for amateur cultural production, on the other hand, how these platforms contribute to build an enlarged circuit of ethicized cultural expression. Therefore, we argue that digital participation contributes to reverse the cultural devaluation experienced by these black communities, working as a mechanism of individual and cultural empowerment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1103308813512931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]],"date-time":"2014-02-14T06:33:41Z","timestamp":1392359621000},"page":"87-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Digital Participation at the Margins"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos das Migra\u00e7\u00f5es e Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Interculturais, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Humanas at Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"New Ethnicities and Urban Culture: Racism and MultiCulture in Young Lives","author":"Back Les","year":"1996","unstructured":"Back Les (1996) New Ethnicities and Urban Culture: Racism and MultiCulture in Young Lives. London: University College London Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Music and Youth Culture: Music, Identity and Place","author":"Bennett Andy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bennett Andy (2000) Music and Youth Culture: Music, Identity and Place. London: Macmillan."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-230-21467-5_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-230-21467-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203408940"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage","author":"Bruns Axel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bruns Axel (2008) Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"After the Death of Childhood. Growing up in the Age of Electronic Media","author":"Buckingham David","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buckingham David (2000) After the Death of Childhood. Growing up in the Age of Electronic Media. Cambridge: Polity."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Digital Generations","author":"Buckingham D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buckingham D. (2006) \u2018Is There a Digital Generation?\u2019, in Buckingham D., Willett R. (eds) Digital Generations, pp. 1\u201313. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"YouTube. Online V\u00eddeo and Participatory Culture","author":"Burgess Jean","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burgess Jean, Green Joshua (2009) YouTube. Online V\u00eddeo and Participatory Culture. Cambridge: Polity."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"Porque Pintamos a Cidade? Uma abordagem etnogr\u00e1fica ao graffiti urbano","author":"Campos Ricardo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Campos Ricardo (2010) Porque Pintamos a Cidade? Uma abordagem etnogr\u00e1fica ao graffiti urbano (Why do we Paint the City? An Ethnographic Approach to Urban Graffiti). Lisboa: Fim de S\u00e9culo."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Participa\u00e7\u00e3o e inclus\u00e3o digital nas margens: uma abordagem explorat\u00f3ria das pr\u00e1ticas de culturais de jovens afro-descendentes. O caso do rap negro","volume":"19","author":"Campos Ricardo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campos Ricardo, Sim\u00f5es Jos\u00e9 (2011) \u2018Participa\u00e7\u00e3o e inclus\u00e3o digital nas margens: uma abordagem explorat\u00f3ria das pr\u00e1ticas de culturais de jovens afro-descendentes. O caso do rap negro\u2019 (\u2018Digital Participation and Inclusion at the Margins: An Exploratory Approach to Young Afro-descendants Cultural Practices. The Case of Black Rap\u2019), Media & Jornalismo, 19: 117\u2013133.","journal-title":"Media & Jornalismo"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"Do Bidonville ao arrast\u00e3o. Media, minorias, etniciza\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"Carvalheiro Jos\u00e9 Ricardo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carvalheiro Jos\u00e9 Ricardo (2008) Do Bidonville ao arrast\u00e3o. Media, minorias, etniciza\u00e7\u00e3o (From \u2018Bidonville\u201d to\u201d arrast\u00e3o\u2019. Media, minorities and ethnicization). Lisboa: Imprensa de Ci\u00eancias Sociais."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Ritmo e Poesia: Os caminhos do rap","author":"Contador Ant\u00f3nio","year":"1997","unstructured":"Contador Ant\u00f3nio, Ferreira Emanuel (1997) Ritmo e Poesia: Os caminhos do rap (Rythm and Poetry: The Routes of Rap). Lisboa: Ass\u00edrio & Alvim."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"Cultura juvenil negra em Portugal","author":"Contador Ant\u00f3nio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Contador Ant\u00f3nio (2001) Cultura juvenil negra em Portugal (Black Youth Culture in Portugal). Oeiras: CeltaEditora."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Folk Devils and Moral Panic: The Creation of the Mods and the Rockers","author":"Cohen Stanley","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cohen Stanley (1980 [1972]) Folk Devils and Moral Panic: The Creation of the Mods and the Rockers. Oxford: Blackwell."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Young Citizens and New Media. Learning for Democratic Participation","author":"Dahlgren Peter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dahlgren Peter (ed.) (2007) Young Citizens and New Media. Learning for Democratic Participation. London: Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Social Inequality","author":"DiMaggio P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"DiMaggio P., Hargittai E., Celeste C., Shafer S. (2004) \u2018Digital Inequality: From Unequal Access to Differentiated Use\u2019, in Neckerman K. (ed.) Social Inequality pp. 355\u2013400. New York: Russell Sage Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"De j\u00f3venes, bandas y tribus","author":"Feixa Carles","year":"2006","unstructured":"Feixa Carles (2006) De j\u00f3venes, bandas y tribus (About Youth, Bands and Tribes). Barcelona: Ariel."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"Global Citizenship and the \u2018New, New\u2019 Social Movements: Iberian Connections","volume":"17","author":"Feixa C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feixa C., Pereira I., Juris J.S. (2009) Global Citizenship and the \u2018New, New\u2019 Social Movements: Iberian Connections. Young\u2014Nordic Journal of Youth Research, 17(4): 421\u2013442.","journal-title":"Young\u2014Nordic Journal of Youth Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.126390"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203642191"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/books.etnograficapress.2723"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"There Ain\u2019t no Black in the Union Jack","author":"Gilroy Paul","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gilroy Paul (2002 [1987]) There Ain\u2019t no Black in the Union Jack. London and New York: Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2010.499956"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Resistance Through Rituals","author":"Hall Stuart","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hall Stuart, Jefferson Tony (eds) (1976) Resistance Through Rituals. London: Hutchinson."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14661381030042003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","first-page":"936","volume-title":"Social Stratification","author":"Hargittai Eszter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hargittai Eszter (2008) \u2018The Digital Reproduction of Inequality\u2019, in Grusky D. (ed.) Social Stratification, pp. 936\u2013944. Boulder, CO: Westview Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650208321782"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691180801946150"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Beyond Apathetic or Activist Youth: \u2018Ordinary\u2019 Young People and Contemporary Forms of Participation","volume":"18","author":"Harris A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harris A., Wyn S., Younes J. (2010) Beyond Apathetic or Activist Youth: \u2018Ordinary\u2019 Young People and Contemporary Forms of Participation. Young\u2014Nordic Journal of Youth Research, 18(1): 9\u201332.","journal-title":"Young\u2014Nordic Journal of Youth Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857020277"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"The Post-Subcultures Reader","author":"Huq Rupa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huq Rupa (2003) \u2018Global Youth Cultures in Localized Spaces: The Case of the UK New Asian Dance Music and French Rap\u2019, in Muggleton D., Weinzierl R. (eds), The Post-Subcultures Reader, pp. 195\u2013208. New York: Berg."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online","author":"Kozinets R.V.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kozinets R.V. (2010) Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. London: SAGE Publications."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","unstructured":"Lenhart Amanda Madden Mary Macgill Alexandra Smith Aaron. (2007) \u2018Teens and Social Media: Report\u2019 Pew Internet & American Life Project URL (consulted May 2010): http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/~\/media\/\/Files\/Reports\/2007\/PIP_Teens_Social_Media_Final.pdf.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"Children and the Internet: Great Expectations, Challenging Realities","author":"Livingstone Sonia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Livingstone Sonia, Haddon Leslie, G\u00f6rzig Anke, \u00d3lafsson Kjartan (2009) Children and the Internet: Great Expectations, Challenging Realities. Cambridge: Polity."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444807080335"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Risks and Safety on the Internet: The Perspective of European Children. Full Findings","author":"Livingstone Sonia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Livingstone Sonia, . (2011) Risks and Safety on the Internet: The Perspective of European Children. Full Findings. LSE, London: EU Kids Online."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203946725"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Luso-africanos em Portugal: nas margens da etnicidade","volume":"16","author":"Machado Fernando","year":"1994","unstructured":"Machado Fernando (1994) \u2018Luso-africanos em Portugal: nas margens da etnicidade\u2019 (Luso-africans in Portugal: At the Margins of Ethnicity). Sociologia\u2014Problemas e Pr\u00e1ticas, 16: 111\u2013134.","journal-title":"Sociologia\u2014Problemas e Pr\u00e1ticas"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"Ethnography Through Thick and Thin","author":"Marcus George","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marcus George (1998) Ethnography Through Thick and Thin. Princeton: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Party & Protest in Nineties Britain","author":"Mckay George","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mckay George (1998) \u2018DiY Culture: Notes Towardan Intro\u2019, in McKay G. (ed.), Party & Protest in Nineties Britain, pp. 1\u201353. London and New York: Verso."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/etudesafricaines.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","volume-title":"Popular Music and Local Identity: Rock, Pop and Rap in Europe and Oceania","author":"Mitchell Tony","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mitchell Tony (1996) Popular Music and Local Identity: Rock, Pop and Rap in Europe and Oceania. London: Leicester University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12987\/yale\/9780300090239.003.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"The Post-Subcultures Reader","author":"Muggleton David","year":"2003","unstructured":"Muggleton David, Weinzierl Rupert (eds) (2003) The Post-Subcultures Reader. New York: Berg."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","unstructured":"OECD (2007) Participative Web and User-created Content. Web 2.0 wikis and social networking. Paris: OECD."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","volume-title":"Jobs for Immigrants\u2014Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Portugal","author":"OECD","year":"2008","unstructured":"OECD (2008) Jobs for Immigrants\u2014Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Portugal, Vol. 2. Paris: OECD."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199599486.003.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prensky Mark (2001) \u2018Digital Natives Digital Immigrants\u2019 On the Horizon 9(5). URL (consulted May 2009) http:\/\/www.marcprensky.com\/writing\/default.asp","DOI":"10.1108\/10748120110424816"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7560\/728714-010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","volume-title":"Entre a rua e a internet. Um estudo sobre o hip-hop portugu\u00eas","author":"Sim\u00f5es Jos\u00e9 A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es Jos\u00e9 A. (2010), Entre a rua e a internet. Um estudo sobre o hip-hop portugu\u00eas. (Between the Street and the Internet. A Research on Portuguese Hip-hop). Lisboa: Imprensa de Ci\u00eancias Sociais."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Entre subculturas e neotribos: propostas de an\u00e1lise dos circuitos culturais juvenis. O caso da m\u00fasica rap e do hip-hop em Portugal","volume":"13","author":"Sim\u00f5es Jos\u00e9","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es Jos\u00e9, Nunes Pedro, Campos Ricardo (2005) \u2018Entre subculturas e neotribos: propostas de an\u00e1lise dos circuitos culturais juvenis. O caso da m\u00fasica rap e do hip-hop em Portugal\u2019 (Between Subcultures and Neotribes: Analitical Approaches to Youth Cultural Circuits. The Case of Rap and Hip-hop in Portugal), F\u00f3rum Sociol\u00f3gico, 13\/14 (2): 171\u2013189.","journal-title":"F\u00f3rum Sociol\u00f3gico"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"The Post-Subcultures Reader","author":"St. John Graham","year":"2003","unstructured":"St. John Graham (2003) \u2018Post-Rave Thecnotribalism and the Carnival of Protest\u2019, in Muggleton D., Weinzierl R. (eds), The Post-Subcultures Reader, pp. 65\u201382. New York: Berg."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","volume-title":"Growing up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation","author":"Tapscott Don","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tapscott Don (1998) Growing up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation. New York: MacGraw Hill."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poetic.2006.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203644225"}],"container-title":["YOUNG"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1103308813512931","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1103308813512931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T17:07:39Z","timestamp":1767632859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1103308813512931"}},"subtitle":["Online Circuits of Rap Music by Portuguese Afro-Descendant Youth"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1103308813512931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1103308813512931","relation":{},"ISSN":["1103-3088","1741-3222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1103-3088","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}}}