{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:50:22Z","timestamp":1770972622410,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["YOUNG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this article, we look at an example of student migration between Asia and Europe: movement between China and Norway, with the main objective of illustrating the value of studying in Norway to career development upon return to the sending country. Adapting terminology associated with Bourdieu, we discuss this experience as \u2018mobility capital\u2019, exploring the value of skills and capacities acquired while abroad in career success. Evidence is drawn from a recent qualitative study of former student migrants from across China, all of whom had previously studied in Norway at Master\u2019s degree level. Analysis of our material demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of what we term Norwegian \u2018mobility capital\u2019, with discussion of these outcomes organized using two heuristic categories: \u2018Hai Gui\u2019, a term that refers to a returnee experiencing career success, and \u2018Hai Dai\u2019, which relates to returnees who cannot find a secure job upon return. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1103308816670821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T06:32:32Z","timestamp":1488263552000},"page":"174-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Hai Gui or Hai Dai? Chinese Student Migrants and the Role of Norwegian Mobility Capital in Career Success"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Aihua","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cairns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1103308816670821","volume-title":"The Myth of Return: Pakistanis in Britain","author":"Anwar Muhammad","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr2-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp.316"},{"key":"bibr3-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475240909345818"},{"key":"bibr4-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-1037-0"},{"key":"bibr5-1103308816670821","volume-title":"Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste","author":"Bourdieu Pierre","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr6-1103308816670821","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education","author":"Bourdieu Pierre","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr7-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503615427"},{"key":"bibr8-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230305588"},{"key":"bibr9-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137388513"},{"key":"bibr10-1103308816670821","first-page":"729","volume-title":"Migration, Minorities, and Learning\u2014Understanding Cultural and Social Differences in Education","author":"Cairns David","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr11-1103308816670821","first-page":"95","volume":"10","author":"Cassarino Jean-Pierre","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal on Multicultural Societies"},{"key":"bibr12-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-009-9268-z"},{"key":"bibr13-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2015.1098773"},{"key":"bibr14-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp.1967"},{"key":"bibr15-1103308816670821","unstructured":"EOL (2011) Report of Overseas Study, URL (consulted May, 2016): http:\/\/liuxue.eol.cn\/html\/lx\/Special\/2011\/lxfx\/index.shtml"},{"key":"bibr16-1103308816670821","volume-title":"Erasmus+ Inclusion and Diversity Strategy\u2014In the Field of Youth","author":"European Commission","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr17-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468796812467957"},{"key":"bibr18-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3726\/978-3-653-03007-5"},{"key":"bibr19-1103308816670821","volume-title":"Young People and Social Change: Individualisation and Risk in Late Modernity","author":"Furlong Andy","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr20-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691830802106119"},{"key":"bibr21-1103308816670821","volume-title":"Youth and Social Capital","author":"Halve Helene","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr22-1103308816670821","first-page":"130","volume":"7","author":"Han Xiao-Jie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Huaihai Institute of Technology"},{"key":"bibr23-1103308816670821","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Internationalization of Higher Education in East Asia: Trends of Student Mobility and Impact on Education Governance","author":"Hao Jie","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr24-1103308816670821","volume-title":"International Student Mobility Literature Review.","author":"King Russell","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr25-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10899995.2002.12028051"},{"key":"bibr26-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767724.2011.577199"},{"key":"bibr27-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1103308805051317"},{"key":"bibr28-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0374.2005.00110.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr29-1103308816670821","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"Louie Kam","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies"},{"key":"bibr30-1103308816670821","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017572119543"},{"key":"bibr31-1103308816670821","unstructured":"MoE (2016) Introduction to \u2018Blue Print of Employment of Overseas Returnees 2015\u2019, URL (consulted May, 2016): https:\/\/www.moe.edu.cn\/jyb_xwfb\/xw_fbh\/moe_2069\/xwfbh_2016n\/xwfb_160325_01\/160325_sfcl01\/201603\/t20160325_235214.html"},{"key":"bibr32-1103308816670821","volume-title":"Student Mobility and Narrative in Europe. 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