{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T17:59:53Z","timestamp":1775325593530,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIP International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Increasing interest has been seen in understanding the anatomy and biomechanics involved in the Deep Gluteal Syndrome, therefore the main objective of our paper was to define the anatomy of the deep gluteal space concerning the important osseous, muscular and neurological structures. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> 12 cadaveric models (24 hemipelvises) were used. We proceeded with classical anatomic dissection and evaluated numerous osseous, musculotendinous and neurologic structures and their relationships. We also determined the femoral anteversion and neck-shaft angles. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We found that 15.4% of lower limbs examined presented variations in the sciatic nerve (SN) emergence, and this was significantly longer in men. The distance from the SN to the trochanteric region was also significantly lower in males. The average ischiofemoral distance (IFD) was 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009cm, at the same time that the structures comprised in that space showed superior areas, such as the quadratus femoris (QF) with 5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009cm and the SN with 1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009cm widths. Besides that, we also evaluated the distance from the SN to the lesser trochanter (LT) and the ischial tuberosity (IT), in the ischiofemoral space, reaching average values of 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009cm and 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009cm respectively. Regarding the relationship between the proximal hamstring insertion, we verified that the LT was at an average distance of 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009cm, that the SN was only 0.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009cm lateral to it, and the PN is just 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009cm proximal to it. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Our study confirmed the extreme variation in the SN origin that can contribute to the Piriformis syndrome. The IFD obtained in our study showed that this distance was small for the structures contained in this space. The proximal hamstring insertion showed a significantly more extended footprint in males, which puts the pudendal nerve (PN) at higher risk of iatrogenic injury. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700020966255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T08:48:54Z","timestamp":1602492534000},"page":"510-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Deep gluteal space anatomy and its relationship with deep gluteal pain syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4270-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 R","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Anatomy, Porto Medical School, Porto University, Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Medical School, Porto University, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1018-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel R","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o C","family":"Lixa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria D","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Anatomy, Porto Medical School, Porto University, Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Medical School, Porto University, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro G","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Anatomy, Porto Medical School, Porto University, Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Medical School, Porto University, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.2090"},{"key":"bibr2-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090700102"},{"key":"bibr3-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1180-7"},{"key":"bibr4-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.05.023"},{"key":"bibr5-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.01.207"},{"key":"bibr6-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2018.02.029"},{"key":"bibr7-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.12.004"},{"key":"bibr8-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2009.11.003"},{"key":"bibr9-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00104.x"},{"key":"bibr10-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.001"},{"key":"bibr11-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.09.005"},{"key":"bibr12-1120700020966255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2019.08.013"},{"key":"bibr13-1120700020966255","first-page":"2249","volume":"5","author":"Nallathamby 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