{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T19:15:23Z","timestamp":1772910923805,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Metab Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The links between diet and genomic instability have been under investigation for several decades, and evidence suggests a significant causal or preventive role for various dietary factors. This study investigates the influence of macronutrients (calories, protein, and glucides) and micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, on genotoxicity biomarkers measured by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay and comet assay. The results found significant positive and negative correlations. Micronucleus frequency tends to increase with higher intake of caffeine, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and protein ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.05, Spearman correlation). Calorie and omega-6 intakes are negatively correlated with DNA damage measured by the comet assay. These results are somewhat controversial because some of the correlations found are contrary to dominant views in the literature; however, we suggest that unraveling the association between diet and genetic instability requires a much better understanding of the modulating role of macronutrients and micronutrients. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1178638816684666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T01:37:30Z","timestamp":1488764250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Role of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in DNA Damage: Results From a Food Frequency Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Carina","family":"Ladeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Health Research Group, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa (IPL), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Gen\u00e9tica e Metabolismo, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa (IPL), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Estudos em Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica (ENSP), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Carolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Health Research Group, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa (IPL), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel C","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Gen\u00e9tica e Metabolismo, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa (IPL), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.3.710S"},{"key":"bibr2-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00678.x"},{"key":"bibr3-1178638816684666","first-page":"36","volume":"42","author":"Sutandyo N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Med Indones"},{"key":"bibr4-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3830S"},{"key":"bibr5-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.01.012"},{"key":"bibr6-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7351.1438"},{"key":"bibr7-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.5.061903.180008"},{"key":"bibr8-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.01.001"},{"key":"bibr9-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.106"},{"key":"bibr10-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055374"},{"key":"bibr11-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9661-9"},{"key":"bibr12-1178638816684666","first-page":"1267","volume-title":"Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease","author":"Willett W","year":"2006","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr13-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2006.05.028"},{"key":"bibr14-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.77"},{"key":"bibr15-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1218(97)00041-4"},{"key":"bibr16-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(98)00109-2"},{"key":"bibr17-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00065-8"},{"key":"bibr18-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(02)00086-6"},{"key":"bibr19-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.07.004"},{"key":"bibr20-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geq052"},{"key":"bibr21-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-07-0031"},{"key":"bibr22-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)30:2<139::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"bibr23-1178638816684666","first-page":"1005","volume":"9","author":"Moller P","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"bibr24-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/MB:26:3:249"},{"key":"bibr25-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.10.002"},{"key":"bibr26-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gen007"},{"key":"bibr27-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azqueta A, Shaposhnikov S, Collins A. Detection of oxidised DNA using DNA repair enzymes. In: Dhawan A, Hartmann A, Plewa MJ,  eds. The Comet Assay in Toxicology. London, England: Royal Society of Chemistry (www.rsc.org);2009;58\u201363.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781847559746-00057"},{"key":"bibr28-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(01)00070-7"},{"key":"bibr29-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003588"},{"key":"bibr30-1178638816684666","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Diet and Myocardial Infarction: A Community-Based Case-Control Study. A Population-Based Case Control Study","author":"Lopes C","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr31-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.11.008"},{"key":"bibr32-1178638816684666","first-page":"11","volume":"1","author":"Baghurst K","year":"1984","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Publ Heal"},{"key":"bibr33-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21755"},{"key":"bibr34-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2010.11.015"},{"key":"bibr35-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(99)00053-8"},{"key":"bibr36-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.8.2444S"},{"key":"bibr37-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh N, Lai H. Chapter 5. Methods for freezing blood samples at \u221280\u00b0C for DNA damage analysis in human leukocytes. In: Dhawan A, Hartmann A, Plewa MJ, eds. The Comet Assay in Toxicology. London, England: Royal Society of Chemistry (www.rsc.org);2009:120\u2013128.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781847559746-00120"},{"key":"bibr38-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0"},{"key":"bibr39-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.10.002"},{"key":"bibr40-1178638816684666","first-page":"163","volume":"203","author":"Collins AR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol (Clifton, N.J.)"},{"key":"bibr41-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gei040"},{"key":"bibr42-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/52.suppl_1.3"},{"key":"bibr43-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.3.361"},{"key":"bibr44-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm860"},{"key":"bibr45-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.03.012"},{"key":"bibr46-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0080.2008.00257.x"},{"key":"bibr47-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.01.017"},{"key":"bibr48-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.512671"},{"key":"bibr49-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054913"},{"key":"bibr50-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00269-0"},{"key":"bibr51-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(01)00069-0"},{"key":"bibr52-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589809514728"},{"key":"bibr53-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/157591"},{"key":"bibr54-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geq050"},{"key":"bibr55-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1592"},{"key":"bibr56-1178638816684666","first-page":"5049","volume":"50","author":"Smith DF","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr57-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(01)00074-4"},{"key":"bibr58-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(02)00006-9"},{"key":"bibr59-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2011.08.009"},{"key":"bibr60-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.106369"},{"key":"bibr61-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2004.07.005"},{"key":"bibr62-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201400784"},{"key":"bibr63-1178638816684666","first-page":"4","volume":"1","author":"Mustafa TG","year":"2010","journal-title":"AKMMC J"},{"key":"bibr64-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390600550299"},{"key":"bibr65-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc886"},{"key":"bibr66-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608757103"},{"key":"bibr67-1178638816684666","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Awodele O","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tanzania J Health Res"},{"key":"bibr68-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.79"},{"key":"bibr69-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR200132"},{"key":"bibr70-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.124"},{"key":"bibr71-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155449"},{"key":"bibr72-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.11.014"},{"key":"bibr73-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7010405"},{"key":"bibr74-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.4.403"},{"key":"bibr75-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00059-9"},{"key":"bibr76-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv520"},{"key":"bibr77-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2003.08.012"},{"key":"bibr78-1178638816684666","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/gen003"}],"container-title":["Nutrition and Metabolic Insights"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1178638816684666","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1178638816684666","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1178638816684666","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T12:14:18Z","timestamp":1740831258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1178638816684666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1178638816684666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1178638816684666","relation":{},"ISSN":["1178-6388","1178-6388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1178-6388","type":"print"},{"value":"1178-6388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"article-number":"1178638816684666"}}